{"id":10316,"date":"2023-06-30T15:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-06-30T07:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/edu.freezhao.com\/?p=9645"},"modified":"2023-07-10T11:48:55","modified_gmt":"2023-07-10T03:48:55","slug":"the-international-handbook-on-innovation-6-14","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/edu.freezhao.com\/en\/original-course\/ials\/2023\/06\/the-international-handbook-on-innovation-6-14\/","title":{"rendered":"The\u00a0International\u00a0Handbook\u00a0on\u00a0Innovation 6\/14"},"content":{"rendered":"<iframe id=\"spkj\" src=\"\/\/player.bilibili.com\/player.html?aid=360394557&#038;bvid=BV1gX4y1W7kG&#038;cid=1180807804&#038;page=1\" scrolling=\"no\" border=\"0\" frameborder=\"no\" framespacing=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" width=\"100%\"> <\/iframe>\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\">  \ndocument.getElementById(\"spkj\").style.height=document.getElementById(\"spkj\").scrollWidth*0.76+\"px\";\n<\/script>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-vertical is-content-justification-left is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-dd225191 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-vertical is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-fe9cc265 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">VI. <strong>Development of Innovation \u53d1\u5c55\u521b\u65b0 <\/strong>&amp; VII. <strong>Innovations in Different Domains\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u7ef4\u5ea6 <\/strong><\/h1>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6839\u636e\u6587\u7ae0\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u672c\u6b21\u5bfc\u8bfb\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86\u7b2c\u516d\u3001\u4e03\u7ae0\u4e24\u4e2a\u677f\u5757\uff0c\u4ece6.6\u52307.4\u5171\u4e94\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5c0f\u8282\u4e3b\u8981\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u6982\u8ff0\u548c\u91cd\u70b9\u8981\u70b9\u7684\u7b80\u8981\u9610\u91ca\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u4f7f\u8bfb\u8005\u7406\u89e3\u672c\u7ae0\u4e2d\u7684\u5173\u952e\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4ee5\u66f4\u7b80\u660e\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5f15\u5bfc\u8bfb\u8005\u8fdb\u5165\u300a\u56fd\u9645\u521b\u65b0\u624b\u518c\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u7b2c\u516d\u7ae0\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u4ee5\u65f6\u95f4\u7ebf\u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\uff0c\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u4fc3\u8fdb\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u6280\u672f\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u548c\u6f14\u53d8\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4eceSEM\u6559\u80b2\u6a21\u5f0f\u5230HICEMTs\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u5f53\u4eca\u4fe1\u606f\u5316\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u5904\u7406\u901f\u5ea6\u5bf9\u4e8e\u521b\u65b0\u4eba\u624d\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u52a0\u901f\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64HICEMTs\u6280\u672f\u4e5f\u5728\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u4ea4\u53c9\u70b9\u4e0a\u5e94\u8fd0\u800c\u751f\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u53d1\u6325\u53d1\u6325\u591a\u5a92\u4f53\u7684\u7279\u6027\u548c\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e03\u7ae0\u7684\u524d\u56db\u4e2a\u5c0f\u8282\u4e2d\uff0c\u300a\u624b\u518c\u300b\u8bba\u8ff0\u4e86\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u5546\u4e1a\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u79d1\u6280\u521b\u65b0\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u4e3b\u9898\u548c\u521b\u65b0\u4e3b\u4f53\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5207\u5165\u70b9\uff0c\u6bcf\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u90fd\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u521b\u65b0\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u89c6\u89d2\u3002\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u677f\u5757\u548c7.5\u4ee5\u540e\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e&#8221;\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u6027\u662f\u5426\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u5176\u4e2d\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u673a\u5236&#8221;\u8fd9\u4e00\u91cd\u8981\u95ee\u9898\u4e5f\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u66f4\u52a0\u8be6\u5c3d\u7684\u56de\u7b54\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-vertical is-content-justification-left is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-dd225191 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u5bfc\u8bfb\u76ee\u5f55<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>PART VI \uff1aDevelopment of Innovation\u521b\u65b0\uff08\u53d1\u5c55\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff09\u7684\u53d1\u5c55<\/strong>\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Chapter 6\uff1a\u4ee5HICEMTs\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53d1\u5c55\u521b\u9020\u6027\u601d\u7ef4\u7684\u5de5\u5177<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>PART VII \uff1aDomains of Innovation \u521b\u65b0\u7684\u7ef4\u5ea6<\/strong>\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Chapter 1\uff1a\u79d1\u5b66\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u7ef4\u5ea6<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Chapter 2\uff1a\u6839\u672c\u6027\/\u6fc0\u8fdb\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u53d1\u73b0\u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981\u672c\u4f53\u8bba\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\uff1f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Chapter 3\uff1a\u7406\u89e3\u79d1\u5b66\u521b\u65b0\uff1a\u4ee5\u8bfa\u5956\u5f97\u4e3b\u4e3a\u4f8b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Chapter 4\uff1a\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u521b\u65b0\uff1a\u8d6b\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7A\u00b7\u897f\u8499\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u8bde\u751f<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-left\">VI. Development of Innovation \u521b\u65b0\u7684\u53d1\u5c55<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Chapter 6. <strong>Developing<\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>Innovative<\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>Ideas<\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>Through<\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>High<\/strong> <strong>Intellectual<\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>and<\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>Creative<\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>Educational<\/strong> <strong>Multimedia<\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>Technologies<\/strong>\u901a\u8fc7\u9ad8\u667a\u80fd\u521b\u9020\u6027\u6559\u80b2\u591a\u5a92\u4f53\u6280\u672f\u6765\u53d1\u5c55\u521b\u65b0\u601d\u60f3<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aLarisa&nbsp;V. Shavinina;Evgueni&nbsp;A. Ponomarev<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5185\u5bb9\u6982\u8ff0<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u672c\u6587\u65e8\u5728\u5bf9\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u4ea4\u53c9\u53e3\u7684\u201cHICEMTs\u201d\u6280\u672f\u8fdb\u884c\u8be6\u5c3d\u8bba\u8ff0\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fc3\u8fdb\u521b\u65b0\u6027\u601d\u7ef4\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u805a\u7126\u4e8e\u5176\u5728\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5b66\u79d1\u4ea4\u53c9\u5904\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u4e0e\u5b17\u53d8\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6b64\u8303\u7574\u5185\u5bf9HICEMTs\u7684\u7279\u6027\u3001\u4f18\u52bf\u548c\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5168\u9762\u5206\u6790\u3002\u5728\u80cc\u666f\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u7b80\u8981\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u4fe1\u606f\u6280\u672f\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4ee5\u53ca\u5feb\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5904\u7406\u5bf9\u521b\u65b0\u4eba\u624d\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u63a8\u52a8\u4e86HICEMTs\u6280\u672f\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u4ece\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u5168\u7403\u6559\u80b2\u591a\u5a92\u4f53\u5e02\u573a\u4e0a\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u591a\u5a92\u4f53\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5b83\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u4fc3\u8fdbHICEMTs\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u91cd\u70b9\u5728\u4e8e\u9610\u8ff0HICEMTs\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u548c\u5177\u4f53\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u5177\u4f53\u4e8b\u4f8b\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86HICEMTs\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u6559\u5b66\u6280\u672f\u521b\u65b0\u5bf9\u5f53\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86HICEMTs\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u548c\u6f5c\u5728\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5185\u5bb9\u62d3\u5c55<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">HICEMTs\uff1a<strong>High<\/strong> <strong>Intellectual<\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>and<\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>Creative<\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>Educational<\/strong> <strong>Multimedia<\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>Technologies<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4e00\u822c\/\u603b\u4f53\u7279\u5f81\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u822c\u5fc3\u7406\u57fa\u7840\uff1b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u53ef\u5b8c\u6210\u57fa\u672c\u8ba4\u77e5\u673a\u5236\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u662f\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u65b0\u76ee\u6807\uff1b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u80fd\u591f\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u9002\u5e94\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff1b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u53ef\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7406\u89e3\u201c\u5fc3\u7406-\u6559\u80b2-\u5a31\u4e50\u201d\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u6846\u67b6\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\u8d28\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u6700\u5927\u9650\u5ea6\u5f00\u53d1\u591a\u5a92\u4f53\u8fd9\u4e00\u5a92\u4ecb\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1a\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\uff08a\uff09\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7279\u6b8a\u521b\u9020\u529b\u548c\u667a\u529b\u8bad\u7ec3\u7684\u884d\u751f\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u591a\u5a92\u4f53\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0a\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u6839\u672c\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3001\u4e30\u5bcc\u548c\u5448\u73b0\uff1b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\uff08b\uff09\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4efb\u4f55\u77e5\u8bc6\u9886\u57df\uff08\u5982\u5316\u5b66\u3001\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u3001\u6570\u5b66\u3001\u5386\u53f2\u7b49\uff09\u7684\u884d\u751f\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5e94\u7528\uff1aKnowledge Forum\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u7b80\u4ecb\uff1aKnowledge Forum\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u4fc3\u8fdb\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u5efa\u6784\u548c\u7406\u89e3\u3002Knowledge Forum\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5305\u62ec\u5b66\u751f\u901a\u8fc7\u56fe\u5f62\u548c\u6587\u672c\u7b14\u8bb0\u8868\u8fbe\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u548c\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5b66\u751f\u5bf9\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u52a0\u6df1\u5e76\u4e0d\u65ad\u4fee\u8ba2\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u7406\u8bba\uff1b\u901a\u8fc7\u5171\u4eab\u8bc4\u8bba\u7b49\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5b66\u751f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u4e0d\u540c\u89d2\u5ea6\u8003\u8651\u5404\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u6539\u8fdb\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u6784\u5efa\u591a\u7ef4\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u6846\u67b6\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u7279\u70b9\uff1a\u878d\u5165\u4e86HICEMTs\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u4e0e\u4e2a\u4f53\u77e5\u8bc6\u57fa\u7840\u6210\u529f\u53d1\u5c55\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u5fc3\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u548c\u57fa\u672c\u8ba4\u77e5\u673a\u5236\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e13\u4e1a\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u4e60\u5f97\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a\u8bc4\u4f30\u7814\u7a76\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528CSILE\uff08Knowledge Forum\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4ee3\u4ea7\u54c1\uff09\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u5728\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u548c\u77e5\u8bc6\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e0a\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u4f18\u4e8e\u5bf9\u7167\u7ec4\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5c40\u9650\u6027\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u66f4\u591a\u4fa7\u91cd\u4e8e\u5728\u5fc3\u7406\u548c\u6559\u80b2\u9886\u57df\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u6559\u80b2\u65b9\u5f0f\u5728\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u6559\u80b2\u9886\u57df\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7ed3\u8bba<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4eba\u7c7b\u672a\u6765\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u6280\u672f\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u6587\u5316\u9886\u57df\u90fd\u5c06\u9700\u8981\u6781\u9ad8\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u521b\u65b0\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5bf9\u5177\u6709\u667a\u529b\u548c\u521b\u9020\u529b\u7684\u4eba\u624d\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u5c06\u53d8\u5f97\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5177\u6709\u521b\u9020\u529b\u7684\u9ad8\u667a\u529b\u4e2a\u4f53\u5bf9\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u76ee\u524d\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u5fc3\u7406\u6559\u80b2\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u57f9\u517b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u80fd\u529b\u8fd8\u4e0d\u591f\u5145\u5206\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64HICEMTs\u53d1\u5c55\u6f5c\u529b\u6781\u5927\uff0c\u524d\u666f\u826f\u597d\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5ba1\u614e\u601d\u8003\u73b0\u5728\u591a\u63d0\u6559\u80b2\u6280\u672f\u5728\u4fe1\u606f\u65f6\u4ee3\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u5e76\u7ed3\u5408\u5fc3\u7406\u79d1\u5b66(\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u667a\u529b\u548c\u521b\u9020\u529b\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684)\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u8fd0\u7528\u73b0\u4ee3\u591a\u5a92\u4f53\u6280\u672f\u6765\u53d1\u5c55&#8221;\u667a\u529b\u521b\u9020\u6027\u5a31\u4e50&#8221;\uff0c\u4fbf\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5f00\u53d1\u51fa\u5168\u65b0\u7684HICEMTs\u6280\u672f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6280\u672f\u5c06\u572821\u4e16\u7eaa\u5168\u7403\u6559\u80b2\u591a\u5a92\u4f53\u5e02\u573a\u4e2d\u5360\u636e\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u672c\u7ae0\u5bf9\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u521b\u9020\u529b\u7684\u6c38\u4e45\u9700\u6c42\u4ee5\u53ca\u53d1\u5c55HICEMT\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u5e94\u5bf9\u672a\u6765\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6311\u6218\u548c\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">VII. <strong>Innovations in Different Domains\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u7ef4\u5ea6 <\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Chapter 1. <strong>Dimensions of Scientific Innovation<\/strong> \u79d1\u6280\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u7ef4\u5ea6<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aGerald Holton<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5185\u5bb9\u6982\u8ff0<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u672c\u7ae0\u7740\u91cd\u4e8e\u8bba\u8ff0\u79d1\u5b66\u5929\u624d\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u521b\u65b0\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u5728\u5f00\u5934\u5f15\u7528\u7269\u7406\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6P.W.\u5e03\u91cc\u5947\u66fc\u5bf9\u79d1\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u201c\u5168\u529b\u4ee5\u8d74\u3001\u6beb\u65e0\u4fdd\u7559\u201d\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u5185\u5728\u9a71\u529b\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u7ea6\u7ff0\u5185\u65af\u00b7\u5f00\u666e\u52d2\uff08Johannes Kepler\uff09\u3001\u4ea8\u5229\u00b7\u5e9e\u52a0\u83b1\uff08Henri Poincare\uff09\u3001\u6069\u91cc\u79d1\u00b7\u8d39\u7c73\uff08Enrico Fermi\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u9ad8\u6e29\u8d85\u5bfc\u4f53\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u8005\u7a46\u52d2\u548c\u8d1d\u8bfa\u5fb7\u5179\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u521b\u65b0\u5b9e\u4f8b\u4e3e\u8bc1\u79d1\u5b66\u521b\u65b0\u673a\u5236\u4e2d\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u201c\u88ab\u9690\u85cf\u201d\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5373\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e2a\u4eba\u975e\u7406\u6027\u548c\u975e\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u548c\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u7ea6\u7ff0\u5185\u65af\u00b7\u5f00\u666e\u52d2<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u63a8\u8fdb\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u80fd\u53d7\u5230\u601d\u7ef4\u7684\u7a81\u7834\u548c\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u7075\u611f\u7684\u9a71\u52a8\u3002\u4ece\u51e0\u4f55\u5b66\u5230\u97f3\u4e50\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5f00\u666e\u52d2\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u5174\u8da3\u4e3a\u4ed6\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u53d1\u73b0\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\uff0c\u8ba9\u4ed6\u80fd\u591f\u8d85\u8d8a\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u8fb9\u754c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u4ea8\u5229\u00b7\u5e9e\u52a0\u83b1<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4e0d\u4ec5\u827a\u672f\u5bf9\u5e9e\u52a0\u83b1\u672c\u8eab\u6709\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u548c\u542f\u53d1\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u6570\u5b66\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u6027\u548c\u601d\u7ef4\u65b9\u5f0f\u5bf9\u827a\u672f\u5bb6\u4eec\u7684\u521b\u9020\u529b\u548c\u60f3\u8c61\u529b\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u63a8\u52a8\u4e86\u827a\u672f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u521b\u65b0\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u6069\u5229\u79d1\u00b7\u8d39\u7c73<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5728\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\u7684\u5173\u952e\u65f6\u523b\uff0c\u8d39\u7c73\u7684\u624b\u56e0\u67d0\u79cd\u539f\u56e0\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ed6\u4e0d\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u7ec8\u5e2e\u52a9\u4ed6\u63ed\u5f00\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u8c1c\u56e2\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6709\u6548\u5730\u5f00\u542f\u4e86\u6838\u80fd\u65f6\u4ee3\u3002\u8d39\u7c73\u5728\u8fd9\u4e4b\u4e2d\u5c55\u73b0\u51fa\u7684&#8221;\u4e0e\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u9884\u671f\u548c\u8c10&#8221;\uff0c\u5728\u7eaf\u7406\u6027\u79d1\u5b66\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u4ea7\u751f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u6838\u80fd\u7406\u8bba\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5c06\u6574\u4e2a\u7814\u7a76\u9879\u76ee\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u7a46\u52d2\u3001\u8d1d\u8bfa\u5fb7\u5179<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\uff0c\u7a81\u7834\u6027\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5f80\u5f80\u5177\u6709\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u52a8\u673a\u548c\u5bf9\u7279\u5b9a\u4e3b\u9898\u7684\u504f\u597d\u3002\u79d1\u5b66\u53d1\u73b0\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u524d\u4eba\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u548c\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u4e5f\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u9884\u8bbe\u3002\u7a46\u52d2\u5bf9\u7acb\u65b9\u6676\u4f53\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u8ff7\u604b\u548c\u4e0e\u5f00\u666e\u52d2\u4ee5\u53ca\u4fdd\u5229\u7684\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u5851\u9020\u4e86\u4ed6\u5bf9\u9499\u949b\u77ff\u578b\u6750\u6599\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u5e76\u6700\u7ec8\u5f15\u5bfc\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u8d85\u5bfc\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u53d6\u5f97\u7a81\u7834\u6027\u7684\u6210\u679c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7ed3\u8bba<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u65f6\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u4f1a\u5229\u7528\u610f\u60f3\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u3001\u8d85\u51fa\u79d1\u5b66\u8303\u7574\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u548c\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u62ec\u97f3\u4e50\u3001\u5ba1\u7f8e\u504f\u597d\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5c40\u9650\u4e8e\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u6700\u7ec8\u6210\u4e3a\u79d1\u5b66\u7ecf\u5178\u548c\u7406\u6027\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ed3\u679c\u5df2\u7ecf\u6446\u8131\u4e86\u975e\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6587\u672c\u5f15\u7528\u4e86\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u79d1\u5b66\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\u3001\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u662f\u6700\u5ba2\u89c2\u3001\u65e0\u4e2a\u4eba\u8272\u5f69\u7684\u3002\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5e94\u8be5\u80fd\u591f\u88ab\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u6240\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u63a5\u53d7\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Chapter 2.Do Radical Discoveries Require Ontological Shifts?\u5f7b\u5e95\u6027\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u53d1\u73b0\u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981\u672c\u4f53\u8bba\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\uff1f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aMichelene T. H. Chi \uff1bRobert G. M. Hausmann<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5185\u5bb9\u6982\u8ff0<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6587\u7ae0\u524d\u534a\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u8bb8\u591a\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u9769\u547d\u6027\u53d1\u73b0\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u672c\u4f53\u8bba\u8f6c\u53d8\u2014\u2014\u901a\u4fd7\u7684\u8bf4\u5c31\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u672c\u4f53\u8bba\u6216\u672c\u4f53\u8bba\u7c7b\u522b\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u91cd\u65b0\u6784\u601d\u6216\u91cd\u65b0\u5448\u73b0\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u7d27\u63a5\u7740\u4f5c\u8005\u8bba\u8ff0\u4e86\u672c\u4f53\u8bba\u7684\u542b\u4e49\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6700\u9ad8\u5c42\u6b21\u672c\u4f53\u8bba\u7c7b\u522b\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u5b9e\u4f53\u3001\u8fc7\u7a0b\u548c\u5fc3\u7406\u72b6\u6001\uff09\u3002\u968f\u540e\u4f5c\u8005\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u91cd\u65b0\u5448\u73b0\u6216\u8de8\u8d8a\u672c\u4f53\u8bba\u7c7b\u522b\u7684\u542b\u4e49\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u79d1\u5b66\u53f2\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u8f6c\u53d8\u7684\u4e0d\u5bfb\u5e38\u5e76\u8bba\u8bc1\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u6781\u5177\u9769\u547d\u6027\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u4f4e\u9891\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u62d3\u5c55\u5185\u5bb9<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ontology \u672c\u4f53\u8bba<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1381\" height=\"1026\" src=\"https:\/\/edu.freezhao.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_20230608150708.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10275\" srcset=\"https:\/\/edu.freezhao.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_20230608150708.jpg 1381w, https:\/\/edu.freezhao.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_20230608150708-300x223.jpg 300w, https:\/\/edu.freezhao.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_20230608150708-768x571.jpg 768w, https:\/\/edu.freezhao.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_20230608150708-400x297.jpg 400w, https:\/\/edu.freezhao.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_20230608150708-800x594.jpg 800w, https:\/\/edu.freezhao.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/\u5fae\u4fe1\u56fe\u7247_20230608150708-1320x981.jpg 1320w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1381px) 100vw, 1381px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u672c\u4f53\u7c7b\u522b\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u73b0\u5b9e\u6027\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u5e38\u7528\u7684<strong>\u8c13\u8bcd\u5408\u7406\u6027<\/strong>\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u3002\u4e0a\u56fe\u53ef\u4ee5\u5224\u65ad\u51fa\u4e09\u79cd\u7c7b\u522b\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u73b0\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u672c\u4f53\u8bba\u8f6c\u53d8\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4ece\u7ecf\u5178\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5230\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\uff1b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4ece\u725b\u987f\u529b\u5b66\u5230\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\uff1b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4ece\u57fa\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5230\u7cfb\u7edf\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u7b49\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8f6c\u53d8\u90fd\u6d89\u53ca\u5230<strong>\u5bf9\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u4e49<\/strong>\u6216\u91cd\u65b0\u8868\u8ff0\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u5bf9\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5168\u65b0\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u8fdb\u884c\u672c\u4f53\u8f6c\u79fb\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u56f0\u96be\u7684\uff0c\u7406\u7531\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u7f3a\u4e4f\u201c\u66ff\u4ee3\u7684\u7c7b\u522b\u201d<\/strong>\uff08\u4e0d\u4f1a\u81ea\u53d1\u7684\u8fdb\u884c\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u8f6c\u79fb\/\u66ff\u4ee3\uff0c\u5373<strong><em><strong><em>\u5bf9\u8bef\u5206\u7c7b\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56<\/em><\/strong><\/em><\/strong>\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u7f3a\u4e4f\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u201c\u9700\u8981\u8f6c\u79fb\u201d\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\uff1b<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u8fd9\u79cd\u8f6c\u79fb\u9700\u8981\u6d88\u8017\u8d44\u6e90<\/strong>\uff08\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u989d\u5916\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u66f4\u4e25\u8c28\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u3001\u6bd4\u8f83\u548c\u533a\u5206\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5373\u4f7f\u6210\u529f\u8f6c\u79fb\u672c\u4f53\uff0c\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u89e3\u51b3\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u4ece\u591a\u5c42\u6b21\u8fdb\u884c\u68b3\u7406\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7ed3\u8bba<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u672c\u4f53\u8bba\u6307\u7684\u662f\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u8303\u7574\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u53d1\u73b0\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u672c\u4f53\u8bba\u6216\u672c\u4f53\u8bba\u7c7b\u522b\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u91cd\u65b0\u6784\u601d\u6216\u91cd\u65b0\u5448\u73b0\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u672c\u4f53\u8bba\u8f6c\u53d8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u91cd\u5927\u7a81\u7834\u53d1\u751f\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7531\u4e8e\u8fdb\u884c\u672c\u4f53\u8f6c\u79fb\u7684\u96be\u5ea6\u8f83\u5927\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u8fd9\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u6bd4\u8f83\u4f4e\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Chapter 3. Understanding Scientific Innovation: The Case of Nobel Laureates\u7406\u89e3\u79d1\u5b66\u521b\u65b0\uff1a\u4ee5\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u5f97\u4e3b\u4e3a\u4f8b<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aLarisa V. Shavinina<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5185\u5bb9\u6982\u8ff0<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u672c\u7ae0\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u7406\u89e3\u79d1\u5b66\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5373\u201c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u5f97\u4e3b\u5982\u6b64\u64c5\u957f\u521b\u65b0\uff1f\u201d\u5728\u672c\u7ae0\u4e2d\u4f5c\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u5f97\u4e3b\u7684\u4f20\u8bb0\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\uff0c<strong>\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u5f97\u4e3b\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u521b\u65b0\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53d7\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u504f\u597d\u3001\u611f\u53d7\u548c\u4fe1\u5ff5\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8fd9\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u672a\u88ab\u63a2\u7d22\u6216\u672a\u88ab\u5145\u5206\u63a2\u7d22\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u73b0\u8c61\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u975e\u8ba4\u77e5\u667a\u529b<\/strong>\uff0c\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f02\u5e38\u53d1\u8fbe\u7684<strong>\u9690\u6027\u77e5\u8bc6<\/strong>\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u5bf9\u79d1\u5b66\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u4ea7\u751f\u91cd\u8981\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u8be6\u7ec6\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u73b0\u8c61<strong>\uff0c\u5e76\u8868\u660e\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u9884\u6d4b\u6700\u9ad8\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\uff0c<\/strong>\u4ece\u800c\u5e26\u6765\u521b\u65b0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u62d3\u5c55\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong>\uff1a\u6587\u732e\u5f52\u7eb3\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5173\u4e8e\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u83b7\u5f97\u8005\u7684\u4f20\u8bb0\u548c\u81ea\u4f20\uff1b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5206\u6790\u548c\u6c47\u7f16\u5173\u4e8e\u5fc3\u7406\u7814\u7a76\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0e\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u83b7\u5f97\u8005\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6587\u732e\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a<\/strong>\u56db\u4e2a\u7ec4\u6210\u8d85\u8ba4\u77e5\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li> \u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u667a\u529b\u611f\u53d7\uff1b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u53e3\u5473\uff0c(\u5305\u62ec\u5bf9\u201c\u91cd\u8981\u95ee\u9898\u201d\u7684\u611f\u77e5\uff0c\u5bf9\u201c\u4f18\u79c0\u201d\u60f3\u6cd5\u3001 \u201c\u6b63\u786e\u201d\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u4f18\u96c5\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8ba4\u53ef\u4ee5\u53ca\u81ea\u4fe1\u611f\uff09\uff1b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5bf9\u7f8e\u7684\u611f\u53d7<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u65b9\u5411\u611f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u975e\u8ba4\u77e5\u6027\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\u529f\u80fd\u610f\u5473\u7740\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u611f\u53d7\u3001\u4fe1\u5ff5\u3001\u504f\u597d\u548c\u76f4\u89c9\u5f15\u5bfc\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5728\u521b\u9020\u6027\u52aa\u529b\u4e2d\u671d\u7740\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u3001\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u524d\u8fdb\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u662f\u5426\u5177\u6709\u201c\u8d85\u8ba4\u77e5\u73b0\u8c61\u201d\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e2a\u4eba\u667a\u529b\u548c\u521b\u9020\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u8868\u73b0\u6c34\u5e73\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e5f\u662f\u8861\u91cf\u667a\u529b\u521b\u9020\u5929\u8d4b\u548c\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7ea7\u79d1\u5b66\u521b\u65b0\u8005\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u5b66\u79d1\u9886\u57df\u62e5\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u7efc\u5408\u548c\u590d\u6742\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8fd8\u5e94\u8be5\u80fd\u591f\u8df3\u51fa\u5b66\u79d1\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6269\u5c55\u5b83\u3002<strong>\u8fd9\u79cd\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u76f8\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u76f4\u89c9\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6096\u8bba\uff0c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u610f\u8bc6\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u3002<\/strong>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8bfa\u5956\u83b7\u5f97\u8005\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5e76\u89e3\u8bfb\u5176\u4e2d\u5185\u5728\u673a\u5236\uff08\u76ee\u524d\u8fd8\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u660e\u6670\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u8bb8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fc3\u8fdb\u5176\u4ed6\u9886\u57df\u7684\u521b\u65b0\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Chapter 4<\/strong>. Innovation in the Social Sciences: Herbert A. Simon and the Birth of a Research Tradition, \u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u521b\u65b0\uff1a\u8d6b\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7A\u00b7\u897f\u8499\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u8bde\u751f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aSubrata Dasgupta<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5185\u5bb9\u6982\u8ff0<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f5c\u8005Subrata Dasgupta\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b66\u8005\u8d6b\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7A\u00b7\u897f\u8499\uff081916-2001\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7b80\u79f0\u4e3aSimon\uff09\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u51b3\u7b56\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5728\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u4ee5\u53ca\u4eba\u7c7b\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u9886\u57df\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4f20\u7edf\u3002\u5728\u4f5c\u8005\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u7814\u7a76\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u90fd\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u8be5\u79d1\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u91cd\u5927\u521b\u65b0\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86Simon\u5728\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u7814\u7a76\u4f20\u7edf\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4f20\u7edf\u4e5f\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u884c\u4e3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 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class=\"wp-block-heading\"><meta charset=\"utf-8\">\u4fe1\u606f\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u56fe Infographic<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full img-border\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1048\" src=\"https:\/\/edu.freezhao.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/\u4fe1\u606f\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u554a-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10263\" srcset=\"https:\/\/edu.freezhao.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/\u4fe1\u606f\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u554a-1.png 1920w, https:\/\/edu.freezhao.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/\u4fe1\u606f\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u554a-1-300x164.png 300w, https:\/\/edu.freezhao.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/\u4fe1\u606f\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u554a-1-768x419.png 768w, https:\/\/edu.freezhao.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/\u4fe1\u606f\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u554a-1-1536x838.png 1536w, https:\/\/edu.freezhao.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/\u4fe1\u606f\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u554a-1-1870x1021.png 1870w, 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class=\"wp-block-heading\">Comments<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>FZ\u8001\u5e08\u7684\u8bfe\u7a0b\u5341\u5206\u65b0\u9896\u6709\u8da3\uff01\u4e0d\u4ec5\u56e0\u4e3a\u540c\u662f\u6c99\u4e1c\u8001\u4e61\u6240\u4ee5\u683c\u5916\u4eb2\u8fd1\uff0c\u8fd9\u95e8\u8bfe\u4e5f\u662f\u5e72\u8d27\u5341\u8db3\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u62d3\u5c55\u4e86\u6211\u7684\u9605\u8bfb\u5de5\u5177\uff08zotero\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u8ba9\u6211\u6709\u79cd\u771f\u6b63\u63a5\u89e6\u5e76\u8fdb\u5165\u5b66\u672f\u6587\u732e\u7684\u7684\u4f53\u9a8c\uff0c\u6c1b\u56f4\u8f7b\u677e\u4f46\u5185\u5bb9\u624e\u5b9e\uff0c\u5728\u8bfe\u5802\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e2d\u4e5f\u62d3\u5c55\u4e86\u6211\u5bf9\u5b66\u672f\u6587\u732e\u5199\u4f5c\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\uff0c\u4e5f\u8ba9\u6211\u5728\u5927\u5b66\u671f\u95f4\u6709\u4e86\u72c2\u8865\u82f1\u8bed\u7684\u611f\u89c9\u2026\u2026\u603b\u4e4b\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u610f\u601d\u7684\u8bfe\uff01\u671f\u5f85\u4e0b\u6b21\u5e26\u7740\u58a8\u955c\u76f8\u9047~<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u539f\u6587<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Shavinina, L. V. (Ed.). (2003). <em>The International Handbook on Innovation<\/em> (1st edition). Pergamon.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><meta charset=\"utf-8\"><meta charset=\"utf-8\"><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>6.6-7.4<\/p>","protected":false},"author":270,"featured_media":10263,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[464,44],"tags":[1081,1049,1030,1035,1033,1031,1036,1034,1032,1050,1029],"class_list":["post-10316","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-original-course","category-ials","tag-1081","tag-cognitivism","tag-hicemts","tag-ontological","tag-ontological-shifts","tag-scientific-innovation","tag-1036","tag-1034","tag-1032","tag-1050","tag-1029"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The\u00a0International\u00a0Handbook\u00a0on\u00a0Innovation 6\/14 - FREEZhao Education<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/edu.freezhao.com\/en\/original-course\/ials\/2023\/06\/the-international-handbook-on-innovation-6-14\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The\u00a0International\u00a0Handbook\u00a0on\u00a0Innovation 6\/14 - 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