{"id":7369,"date":"2022-12-30T22:22:24","date_gmt":"2022-12-30T14:22:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/edu.freezhao.com\/?p=7369"},"modified":"2023-01-06T19:23:51","modified_gmt":"2023-01-06T11:23:51","slug":"supporting-students-with-disabilities-in-higher-education","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/edu.freezhao.com\/en\/original-course\/ials\/2022\/12\/supporting-students-with-disabilities-in-higher-education\/","title":{"rendered":"Supporting students with disabilities in higher education"},"content":{"rendered":"<iframe id=\"spkj\" src=\"\/\/player.bilibili.com\/player.html?aid=476879269&amp;bvid=BV1bK411i7Uj&amp;cid=942604931&amp;page=1\" scrolling=\"no\" border=\"0\" frameborder=\"no\" framespacing=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" width=\"100%\"> <\/iframe>\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\">  \ndocument.getElementById(\"spkj\").style.height=document.getElementById(\"spkj\").scrollWidth*0.76+\"px\";\n<\/script>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u652f\u6301\u6b8b\u75be\u5b66\u751f\u53c2\u4e0e\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>The chapter is intended that the issues raised will also prompt reflection on existing practice. After a discussion of the definition of disability, and some of the background, there follows a discussion of implications and issues of the Special Educational Needs and Disability Act (SENDA) of 2001 at the institution, departmental and individual tutor level. Throughout, reference is made to the national Professional Standards Framework, so readers can locate their own practice in conjunction with both these reference points. At various points in the chapter there are discussion points to help readers reflect on the provision in their own institutions. Finally, some case studies are intended to act as a stimulus for further reflection.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u672c\u7ae0\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5c06\u4fc3\u4f7f\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u73b0\u6709\u5b9e\u8df5\u8fdb\u884c\u53cd\u601d\u3002\u5728\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u6b8b\u75be\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u548c\u4e00\u4e9b\u80cc\u666f\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u63a5\u7740\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e862001\u5e74\u300a\u7279\u6b8a\u6559\u80b2\u9700\u8981\u548c\u6b8b\u75be\u6cd5\u300b\uff08SENDA\uff09\u5728\u673a\u6784\u3001\u90e8\u95e8\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u5bfc\u5e08\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u548c\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u53c2\u8003\u4e86\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e13\u4e1a\u6807\u51c6\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8bfb\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed3\u5408\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u53c2\u8003\u70b9\u6765\u5b9a\u4f4d\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002\u5728\u672c\u7ae0\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u70b9\u4e0a\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u8ba8\u8bba\u70b9\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u8bfb\u8005\u53cd\u601d\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u673a\u6784\u4e2d\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u6848\u4f8b\u7814\u7a76\u65e8\u5728\u523a\u6fc0\u8bfb\u8005\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u601d\u8003\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5bfc\u8bfb\u76ee\u5f55<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Some common definitions of disability  \u4e00\u4e9b\u6b8b\u75be\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Background \u80cc\u666f\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>lnstitutional \u673a\u6784<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sub-organisational \u6b21\u7ea7\u7ec4\u7ec7<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Individual tutor \u79c1\u4eba\u5bfc\u5e08<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Example \u4f8b\u5b50<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Reflect \u53cd\u601d<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Some common definitions of disability  \u4e00\u4e9b\u6b8b\u75be\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Section 1 of the Disability Discrimination Act 1995 states that a person has a disability if he or she has a physical or mental impairment which has a substantial and long-term adverse effect on their ability to carry out normal day-to-day activities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In 2001 SENDA amended the 1995 Act, drawing in education, which had previously been exempt. Since then the Disability Rights Commission (2006a) has requested a review of the definition of disability to focus less on the medical state of the person but rather on the impact of any unfair, or unjustified, treatment, and any disadvantage resulting from such treatment.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>1995\u5e74\u300a\u6b8b\u75be\u4eba\u6b67\u89c6\u6cd5\u300b\u7b2c1\u6761\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u6216\u7cbe\u795e\u635f\u4f24\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u6709\u91cd\u5927\u548c\u957f\u671f\u7684\u4e0d\u5229\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4ed6\u6216\u5979\u5c31\u6709\u6b8b\u75be\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2001\u5e74\uff0cSENDA\u5bf91995\u5e74\u7684\u6cd5\u6848\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4fee\u8ba2\uff0c\u5728\u6559\u80b2\u65b9\u9762\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u501f\u9274\uff0c\u4ee5\u524d\u662f\u8c41\u514d\u7684\u3002\u6b64\u540e\uff0c\u6b8b\u75be\u4eba\u6743\u5229\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff082006a\uff09\u8981\u6c42\u5bf9\u6b8b\u75be\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u8fdb\u884c\u5ba1\u67e5\uff0c\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u5bf9\u4e2a\u4eba\u533b\u7597\u72b6\u51b5\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5173\u6ce8\u4efb\u4f55\u4e0d\u516c\u5e73\u6216\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u7684\u5f85\u9047\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f85\u9047\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4e0d\u5229\u56e0\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Background \u80cc\u666f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Students with disabilities are entering higher education in ever greater numbers and have a right to demonstrate their capabilities as much as other students. It is the responsibility of those who work in universities to make sure that students\u2019&nbsp;disabilities do not prevent them from gaining that access to learning.Many students are already mature students &nbsp;because they are adult and they have found their own methods over the years which support them in managing their disability.The sheer diversity of disabilities that are now commonly encountered in higher education means that there has to be a significant reordering of priorities for university teachers.Consider the variety of disabilities, and how these are increasing daily as more is learnt about disability, this is not an easy challenge to meet. This requirement needs to be addressed at three levels.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1. Institutional level.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2. Sub-organisational level, e.g. faculty. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3. Teaching team\/tutor level.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u6b8b\u75be\u5b66\u751f\u8fdb\u5165\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u5b66\u751f\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u90fd\u6709\u5c55\u793a\u81ea\u5df1\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u6743\u5229\u3002\u5927\u5b66\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u6709\u8d23\u4efb\u4fdd\u969c\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u6b8b\u75be\u4e0d\u4f1a\u59a8\u788d\u4ed6\u4eec\u83b7\u5f97\u8fd9\u79cd\u5b66\u4e60\u673a\u4f1a\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u5b66\u751f\u5df2\u7ecf\u662f\u6210\u719f\u7684\u5b66\u751f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u6210\u5e74\u4eba\uff0c\u591a\u5e74\u6765\u4ed6\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u4ed6\u4eec\u7ba1\u7406\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6b8b\u75be\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u5728\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u4e2d\u7ecf\u5e38\u9047\u5230\u7684\u6b8b\u75be\u7684\u591a\u6837\u6027\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5fc5\u987b\u5bf9\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u5e08\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u4e8b\u9879\u8fdb\u884c\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u91cd\u65b0\u6392\u5e8f\u3002\u8003\u8651\u5230\u6b8b\u75be\u7684\u79cd\u7c7b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u968f\u7740\u5bf9\u6b8b\u75be\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u6bcf\u5929\u90fd\u5728\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bb9\u6613\u5e94\u5bf9\u7684\u6311\u6218\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u8981\u6c42\u9700\u8981\u5728\u4e09\u4e2a\u5c42\u9762\u52a0\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\">\n<li>\u673a\u6784\u5c42\u6b21 &nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6b21\u7ea7\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u5982\u9662\u7cfb&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6559\u5e08\u56e2\u961f\/\u5bfc\u5e08\u5c42\u6b21<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">lnstitutional \u673a\u6784<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>How an institution markets itself, the location of marketing strategies and the accessibility of promotional materials are of crucial importance in the first instance in demonstrating an institutional commitment to inclusion.You can reflect on the following issues<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Are you only using traditional forms of marketing or are you making use of internet sites and other resources?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Do all essays need to conform to a format or can the information be presented in a variety of formats equally well?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Is signage on campus suitable for students with visual difficulties and at a good level for wheelchair users<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Is there a designated area\/policy for the use of guide dogs?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>All staff involved in recruitment days need to be aware of the answers to these questions, not just a few&nbsp;\u2018specialists\u2019, as this reflects the awareness and importance attached to such issues. If someone does not know the answers, it may suggest to the potential student that this is a low-priority area.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e00\u4e2a\u673a\u6784\u5982\u4f55\u63a8\u9500\u81ea\u5df1\u3001\u8425\u9500\u6218\u7565\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4ee5\u53ca\u5ba3\u4f20\u6750\u6599\u7684\u53ef\u8bbf\u95ee\u6027\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u8981\u8868\u660e\u673a\u6784\u5bf9\u5305\u5bb9\u6027\u7684\u627f\u8bfa\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u53cd\u601d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4f60\u662f\u53ea\u4f7f\u7528\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u8425\u9500\u5f62\u5f0f\u8fd8\u662f\u5229\u7528\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7f51\u7ad9\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u8d44\u6e90\uff1f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u7b26\u5408\u4e00\u79cd\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5404\u79cd\u683c\u5f0f\u540c\u6837\u5730\u5448\u73b0\u4fe1\u606f\uff1f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6821\u56ed\u5185\u7684\u6807\u724c\u662f\u5426\u9002\u5408\u6709\u89c6\u89c9\u969c\u788d\u7684\u5b66\u751f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u8f6e\u6905\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u826f\u597d\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u662f\u5426\u6709\u6307\u5b9a\u533a\u57df\/\u653f\u7b56\u4f9b\u5bfc\u76f2\u72ac\u4f7f\u7528\uff1f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6240\u6709\u53c2\u4e0e\u62db\u8058\u65e5\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u51e0\u4e2a\u00a0&#8220;\u4e13\u5bb6&#8221;\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u548c\u91cd\u89c6\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4eba\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5411\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u6697\u793a\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sub-organisational \u6b21\u7ea7\u7ec4\u7ec7<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>In many HEIs, all students declaring a disability on application are invited to an interview with the university student support service (SSS) prior to acceptance onto a course. This service is university wide and provided across all departments. The SSS plays a strategic role for all students with disabilities by undertaking risk assessments of teaching areas, ensuring disability compliance on field trips.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For example, at Liverpool Hope, a named Disability Adviser (DA) in each department. This person forms a point of contact once students are accepted on a course and all students are advised to make contact with their DA early on.Training and Development Agency (TDA) conference suggested.Disability Adviser is arguably integral to the support network and the efficient management of teaching and learning. The DA can provide a point of reference between the SSS.If there is no DA in post, these responsibilities could fall to individual tutors, which could then create a diversity of support across the organisation both positively and negatively.The DA&#8217;s personal skills and knowledge need to be constantly updated in order for such a system to work effectively within an institution. Experienced Disability Advisers should know all the students within their remit who have learning support plans and often social monitoring can be undertaken informally between the SSS and the DA.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u673a\u6784\u4e2d\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5728\u7533\u8bf7\u65f6\u7533\u62a5\u6b8b\u75be\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u5728\u88ab\u5f55\u53d6\u5230\u8bfe\u7a0b\u4e4b\u524d\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u9080\u8bf7\u53c2\u52a0\u5927\u5b66\u5b66\u751f\u652f\u6301\u670d\u52a1\uff08SSS\uff09\u7684\u9762\u8bd5\u3002\u8fd9\u9879\u670d\u52a1\u662f\u5168\u6821\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6240\u6709\u9662\u7cfb\u63d0\u4f9b\u3002SSS\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u6b8b\u75be\u5b66\u751f\u53d1\u6325\u6218\u7565\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5bf9\u6559\u5b66\u533a\u8fdb\u884c\u98ce\u9669\u8bc4\u4f30\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u5b9e\u5730\u8003\u5bdf\u7b26\u5408\u6b8b\u75be\u6807\u51c6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u5229\u7269\u6d66\u970d\u666e\u5927\u5b66\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7684\u6307\u5b9a\u6b8b\u75be\u987e\u95ee\uff08DA\uff09\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u5b66\u751f\u88ab\u8bfe\u7a0b\u5f55\u53d6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4eba\u5c31\u4f1a\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u8054\u7edc\u70b9\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u6240\u6709\u5b66\u751f\u5c3d\u65e9\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684DA\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u57f9\u8bad\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u673a\u6784\uff08TDA\uff09\u53cd\u9988\uff0c\u6b8b\u75be\u987e\u95ee\u662f\u652f\u6301\u7f51\u7edc\u548c\u6709\u6548\u7ba1\u7406\u6559\u5b66\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u3002DA\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728SSS\u548c\u5b66\u672f\u5bfc\u5e08\u4e4b\u95f4\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u8003\u70b9\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709DA\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d23\u4efb\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u843d\u5728\u4e2a\u522b\u8f85\u5bfc\u5458\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u79ef\u6781\u548c\u6d88\u6781\u7684\u591a\u6837\u6027\u3002DA\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u6280\u80fd\u548c\u77e5\u8bc6\u9700\u8981\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u66f4\u65b0,\u4e3a\u4e86\u80fd\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u673a\u6784\u5185\u6709\u6548\u5730\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u6709\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u6b8b\u75be\u987e\u95ee\u5e94\u8be5\u77e5\u9053\u4ed6\u4eec\u804c\u6743\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u6240\u6709\u6709\u5b66\u4e60\u652f\u6301\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u5b66\u751f\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u793e\u4f1a\u76d1\u7763\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728SSS\u548cDA\u4e4b\u95f4\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Individual tutor \u79c1\u4eba\u5bfc\u5e08<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>In the case of individual tutors, we think primarily about administrative issues within the classroom&nbsp;and&nbsp;administrative issues related to courses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Access to and set-up of a room&nbsp;&#8211;&nbsp;to ensure access for students with mobility difficulties and the use of a horseshoe shape to facilitate discussion activities with deaf or visually impaired students.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Assessment strategies both on course and as final assessment: does a course or module include a range of forms of assessment and choice?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Whether the font size setting position is suitable for visually impaired people to view?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tutor support for those who require particular assistance such as glossaries, proofreading and feedback on drafts. DfES (2006) details how even the most wellprepared and self-sufficient students can feel&nbsp;\u2018deskilled in the face of unfamiliar and varying academic practices\u2019.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>A personal recommendation is that all notices are printed in bold font 14 for all students and placed no more than 1.5 metres from the ground.&nbsp;Front 14 being suitable for the needs of dyslexic students, while the height should be suitable for a wheelchair user. In addition to this, many students have the requirement to have notices emailed to them by the support staff for that course.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5c31\u79c1\u4eba\u5bfc\u5e08\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e3b\u8981\u601d\u8003\u8bfe\u5802\u5185\u548c\u4e0e\u8bfe\u7a0b\u6709\u5173\u7684\u884c\u653f\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u8fdb\u5165\u548c\u5e03\u7f6e\u623f\u95f4&#8211;\u786e\u4fdd\u884c\u52a8\u4e0d\u4fbf\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u80fd\u591f\u8fdb\u5165\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528\u9a6c\u8e44\u5f62\u6765\u4fc3\u8fdb\u804b\u54d1\u6216\u89c6\u529b\u53d7\u635f\u5b66\u751f\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba8\u8bba\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u8bfe\u7a0b\u4e2d\u548c\u671f\u672b\u8bc4\u4f30\u7684\u8bc4\u4f30\u7b56\u7565\uff1a\u8bfe\u7a0b\u6216\u6a21\u5757\u662f\u5426\u5305\u62ec\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u8bc4\u4f30\u5f62\u5f0f\u548c\u9009\u62e9\uff1f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5b57\u4f53\u5927\u5c0f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u662f\u5426\u9002\u5408\u89c6\u969c\u4eba\u58eb\u67e5\u770b\uff1f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5bfc\u5e08\u5bf9\u90a3\u4e9b\u9700\u8981\u7279\u522b\u5e2e\u52a9\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u5982\u8bcd\u6c47\u8868\u3001\u6821\u5bf9\u548c\u5bf9\u8349\u7a3f\u7684\u53cd\u9988\u3002DfES(2006)\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u51c6\u5907\u6700\u5145\u5206\u3001\u6700\u81ea\u7acb\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u4e5f\u4f1a\u611f\u5230&nbsp;&#8220;\u5728\u9762\u5bf9\u4e0d\u719f\u6089\u7684\u548c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u5b9e\u8df5\u65f6\u88ab\u6dd8\u6c70&#8221;\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7b14\u8005\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u90e8\u5206\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6240\u6709\u7684\u901a\u77e5\u90fd\u8981\u752814\u53f7\u9ed1\u4f53\u5b57\u5370\u5237\uff0c\u4f9b\u6240\u6709\u5b66\u751f\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5e76\u653e\u5728\u79bb\u5730\u9762\u4e0d\u8d85\u8fc71.5\u7c73\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u300214\u53f7\u5b57\u4f53\u9002\u5408\u6709\u9605\u8bfb\u969c\u788d\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u800c\u9ad8\u5ea6\u5e94\u8be5\u9002\u5408\u8f6e\u6905\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7684\u9700\u8981\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u5b66\u751f\u90fd\u8981\u6c42\u8be5\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u652f\u6301\u4eba\u5458\u901a\u8fc7\u7535\u5b50\u90ae\u4ef6\u5411\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d1\u9001\u901a\u77e5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.Example \u6848\u4f8b<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Good practice for disabled students means providing them with a high-quality learning experience. Resources invested in such practices should not be viewed as limited for the use of disabled students but should be regarded as an investment to benefit all students. The following are some practical suggestions which readers might like to consider in their own practice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>a. Looped systems need checking to ensure that the systems are working, and that all equipment has fresh batteries. The only way to do this is with a student who uses the looped system, so it is often helpful to ask a student using these facilities to arrive early so that you can check they are all working. If the student is happy to rely on other methods if the system doesn\u2019t work, then there isn\u2019t a problem but you do need to demonstrate that you have taken every effort to support his\/her needs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>b. Each group may need special consideration when teaching, as so much is conveyed through facial expression. Lip-reading students need to be able to see the tutor\u2019s face clearly with good lighting on the face. This is very difficult if tutors have a habit of walking around while talking or turning their back to point to visual displays. A well thought-out delivery helps students keep track of what is being said. Interjections and asides are not very helpful for deaf students who may be struggling with keeping up with the focus of the lecture, nor to autistic spectrum disorder students. Tutors need an understanding of the difficulties of hearing-impaired students and to adjust their method of delivery as needed. This can be achieved easily through activities in training, which can be undertaken either in-house or by requesting an input on deaf awareness from your local centre for deaf people. Sometimes it is helpful to have a friendly observer sit in to note \u2018bad habits\u2019 and point them out, as usually we do not know our own habits and students are often too polite to enlighten us.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5bf9\u6b8b\u75be\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u826f\u597d\u505a\u6cd5\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u4f53\u9a8c\u3002\u6295\u5165\u5230\u8fd9\u79cd\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u4e0d\u5e94\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4ec5\u9650\u4e8e\u6b8b\u75be\u5b66\u751f\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u800c\u5e94\u8be5\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u60e0\u53ca\u6240\u6709\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u6295\u8d44\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b9e\u7528\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u8bfb\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u52a0\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>a. \u5faa\u73af\u7cfb\u7edf\u9700\u8981\u68c0\u67e5\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u7cfb\u7edf\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6240\u6709\u8bbe\u5907\u90fd\u6709\u65b0\u9c9c\u7535\u6c60\u3002\u505a\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4e0e\u4f7f\u7528\u5faa\u73af\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8981\u6c42\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bbe\u65bd\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u63d0\u524d\u5230\u8fbe\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u80fd\u68c0\u67e5\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u5426\u90fd\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u8fd9\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u6709\u5e2e\u52a9\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5b66\u751f\u4e50\u610f\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0d\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4f9d\u9760\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u8bc1\u660e\u4f60\u5df2\u7ecf\u5c3d\u4e86\u4e00\u5207\u52aa\u529b\u652f\u6301\u4ed6\/\u5979\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>b.\u00a0\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7fa4\u4f53\u5728\u6559\u5b66\u65f6\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u7279\u522b\u8003\u8651\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f88\u591a\u4e8b\u60c5\u90fd\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u9762\u90e8\u8868\u60c5\u4f20\u8fbe\u7684\u3002\u8bfb\u5507\u8bed\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u9700\u8981\u80fd\u591f\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u770b\u5230\u5bfc\u5e08\u7684\u8138\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u8138\u4e0a\u6709\u826f\u597d\u7684\u7167\u660e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5bfc\u5e08\u6709\u5728\u8bf4\u8bdd\u65f6\u8d70\u6765\u8d70\u53bb\u7684\u4e60\u60ef\u6216\u8f6c\u8fc7\u8eab\u53bb\u6307\u7740\u89c6\u89c9\u663e\u793a\u5668\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u7ecf\u8fc7\u6df1\u601d\u719f\u8651\u7684\u6388\u8bfe\u65b9\u5f0f\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5b66\u751f\u638c\u63e1\u6240\u8bb2\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u63d2\u8bdd\u548c\u65c1\u767d\u5bf9\u804b\u54d1\u5b66\u751f\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e0d\u5927\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u5f88\u96be\u8ddf\u4e0a\u8bb2\u5ea7\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\uff0c\u5bf9\u81ea\u95ed\u75c7\u8c31\u7cfb\u969c\u788d\u5b66\u751f\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u8f85\u5bfc\u5458\u9700\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u542c\u969c\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u5e76\u6839\u636e\u9700\u8981\u8c03\u6574\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6388\u8bfe\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u57f9\u8bad\u4e2d\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u8f7b\u677e\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u57f9\u8bad\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5185\u90e8\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5411\u5f53\u5730\u7684\u804b\u4eba\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7533\u8bf7\u5173\u4e8e\u804b\u4eba\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u6709\u65f6\uff0c\u8ba9\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cb\u597d\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u5750\u5728\u4e00\u65c1\u6ce8\u610f\u00a0&#8220;\u574f\u4e60\u60ef&#8221;\u5e76\u6307\u51fa\u5b83\u4eec\uff0c\u662f\u5f88\u6709\u5e2e\u52a9\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u901a\u5e38\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e60\u60ef\uff0c\u800c\u5b66\u751f\u4eec\u4e5f\u5e38\u5e38\u6709\u793c\u8c8c\u5730\u6307\u70b9\u6211\u4eec\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.Reflect \u53cd\u601d<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>It is important always to be aware of the limitations, as well as the opportunities, of what is being offered and of any alternatives. In all cases, fitness for purpose should be evaluated. The onus should be on the provider offering a suitable adjustment, rather than waiting until the student encounters a difficulty and requests it. Reflective practice means thinking carefully about how best to ensure that disabled students receive a comparably high-quality learning experience as enjoyed by their non-disabled peers. This chapter has attempted to suggest many different ways of thinking about the issues at a number of different levels as well as to give some pointers.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8981\u59cb\u7ec8\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u548c\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6240\u6709\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u5728\u6240\u6709\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u90fd\u5e94\u8bc4\u4f30\u662f\u5426\u7b26\u5408\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u63d0\u4f9b\u8005\u5e94\u627f\u62c5\u9002\u5f53\u8c03\u6574\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7b49\u5230\u5b66\u751f\u9047\u5230\u56f0\u96be\u65f6\u624d\u63d0\u51fa\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u53cd\u601d\u6027\u5b9e\u8df5\u610f\u5473\u7740\u8981\u4ed4\u7ec6\u601d\u8003\u5982\u4f55\u6700\u597d\u5730\u786e\u4fdd\u6b8b\u75be\u5b66\u751f\u83b7\u5f97\u4e0e\u975e\u6b8b\u75be\u5b66\u751f\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u5b66\u4e60\u4f53\u9a8c\u3002\u672c\u7ae0\u8bd5\u56fe\u63d0\u51fa\u8bb8\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u601d\u8003\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e00\u4e9b\u6307\u5bfc\u610f\u89c1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><meta charset=\"utf-8\">\u4fe1\u606f\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u56fe(infographic)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full img-border\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https:\/\/edu.freezhao.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/supporting-students-with-disabilities-in-higher-education.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7522\" srcset=\"https:\/\/edu.freezhao.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/supporting-students-with-disabilities-in-higher-education.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/edu.freezhao.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/supporting-students-with-disabilities-in-higher-education-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/edu.freezhao.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/supporting-students-with-disabilities-in-higher-education-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/edu.freezhao.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/supporting-students-with-disabilities-in-higher-education-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/edu.freezhao.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/supporting-students-with-disabilities-in-higher-education-1870x1052.jpg 1870w, https:\/\/edu.freezhao.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/supporting-students-with-disabilities-in-higher-education-400x225.jpg 400w, https:\/\/edu.freezhao.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/supporting-students-with-disabilities-in-higher-education-800x450.jpg 800w, https:\/\/edu.freezhao.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/supporting-students-with-disabilities-in-higher-education-1320x743.jpg 1320w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Comments<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5f88\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u4e00\u6bb5\u7ecf\u5386\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u5543\u4e0b\u4e00\u7bc7\u82f1\u8bed\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u5728\u7f51\u7ad9\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u611f\u60f3\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6211\u8fd9\u4e2a\u82f1\u8bed\u767d\u75f4\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u6bb5\u5f88\u96be\u5fd8\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u54c8\u54c8\u54c8\u3002\u5f88\u611f\u8c22\u8001\u5e08\u6177\u6168\u7684\u6559\u5bfc\uff5e\u771f\u7684\u5b66\u5230\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u9605\u8bfb\u7406\u89e3\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u8fd8\u6269\u5bbd\u4e86\u6211\u7684\u89c6\u91ce\u3002\u611f\u89c9\u8001\u5e08\u5c31\u50cf\u54c6\u5566A\u68a6\u4e00\u6837\u5565\u90fd\u4f1a\uff0c\u662f\u4e2a\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u542f\u53d1\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u6211\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u4ec5\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e8e\u6b64\uff0c\u591a\u5b66\u591a\u770b\u591a\u8d70\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9884\u795d\u5927\u5bb6\u65b0\u5e74\u5feb\u4e50\uff5e<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u539f\u6587<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Campbell, A., &amp; Norton, L. (Eds.). (2007). Learning, teaching and assessing in higher education: Developing reflective practice. Learning Matters. 130-139.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u652f\u6301\u6b8b\u75be\u5b66\u751f\u53c2\u4e0e\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2 The chapter is intended that the issues ra [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":225,"featured_media":7522,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[464,44],"tags":[638,637,639,640,641,646,642,644,645,643],"class_list":["post-7369","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-original-course","category-ials","tag-disability","tag-education","tag-institutional","tag-sub-organizational","tag-tutor","tag-dao-shi","tag-jiao-yu","tag-ji-gou","tag-ci-ji-zu-zhi","tag-can-ji"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Supporting students with disabilities in higher 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