{"id":7440,"date":"2022-12-31T17:13:13","date_gmt":"2022-12-31T09:13:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/edu.freezhao.com\/?p=7440"},"modified":"2024-03-29T18:38:35","modified_gmt":"2024-03-29T10:38:35","slug":"problembased-learning-in-higher-education","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/edu.freezhao.com\/en\/original-course\/ials\/2022\/12\/problembased-learning-in-higher-education\/","title":{"rendered":"Problem-based learning in higher education"},"content":{"rendered":"<iframe id=\"spkj\" src=\"\/\/player.bilibili.com\/player.html?aid=264393504&amp;bvid=BV1bY411U7ef&amp;cid=943610459&amp;page=1\" scrolling=\"no\" border=\"0\" frameborder=\"no\" framespacing=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" width=\"100%\"> <\/iframe>\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\">  \ndocument.getElementById(\"spkj\").style.height=document.getElementById(\"spkj\").scrollWidth*0.76+\"px\";\n<\/script>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u4e2d\u57fa\u4e8e\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5b66\u4e60<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u6587\u7ae0\u6982\u8ff0<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u672c\u6587\u6e90\u81ea2007\u5e74\u7531Anne Campbell Lin Norton\u6240\u7f16\u5199\u7684\u300aLearning, Teaching and Assessing in Higher Education: Developing Reflective Practice\u300b\u7b2c\u56db\u7bc7\u7531Tessa Owens\u5199\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u300aProblem-based learning in higher education\u300b\u672c\u7ae0\u5c06\u8003\u8651\u5f15\u5165<strong>\u57fa\u4e8e\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5b66\u4e60<\/strong>(Problem-based learning in higher education)\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5f53\u4eca\u82f1\u56fd\u5927\u5b66\u65e5\u76ca\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u6559\u5b66\u6559\u5b66\u6cd5\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u58f0\u79f0\u5b83\u7684\u5305\u5bb9\u6027\u3001\u5373\u65f6\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u8f6c\u79fb\u6280\u80fd\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u8bfe\u7a0b\u9886\u57df\u7684\u201c\u6df1\u5ea6\u201d\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u5b83\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u91cd\u70b9\u5b66\u79d1\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u804c\u4e1a\u8bfe\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u5c06\u8003\u8651\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u6d41\u6559\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u548c\u6709\u6548\u6027\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u6848\u4f8b\u7814\u7a76\u5c06\u63d0\u4f9b\u5176\u5728\u4e00\u6240\u5927\u5b66\u5546\u5b66\u9662\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u8bf4\u660e\u5176\u4f18\u52bf\u548c\u52a3\u52bf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5bfc\u8bfb\u76ee\u5f55<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u57fa\u4e8e\u95ee\u9898\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u7406\u636e\u00a0\u00a0Philosophical rationale for problem-based learning<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4e13\u4e1a\u6807\u51c6\u6846\u67b6\u00a0The Professional Standards Framework<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u57fa\u4e8e\u95ee\u9898\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u57fa\u7840\u00a0Theoretical rationale for problem-based learning<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>PBL\u8fc7\u7a0b\u00a0The PBL process<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u4e8e\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u00a0An example of a problem-based learning activity<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6284\u88ad\u95ee\u9898\u00a0Plagiarism issues<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u57fa\u4e8e\u95ee\u9898\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u7406\u636e<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Philosophical rationale for problem-based learning<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8bb8\u591a\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u6559\u5b66\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u4e00\u79cd\u5b9e\u8bc1\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u7acb\u573a\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u77e5\u8bc6\u662f&#8221;\u5728\u90a3\u91cc&#8221;\u7684\uff0c\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u5b66\u4e60\u8005\u800c\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u5f53\u4ee5\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u770b\u5f85\u77e5\u8bc6\u65f6\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u611f\u77e5\u5230\u7406\u89e3\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u4f20\u9012\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u3002\u6709\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u4e13\u5bb6\u88ab\u671f\u671b\u5c06\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5b66\u751f\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u7a7a\u7684\u5bb9\u5668\u7b49\u5f85\u6559\u5e08\u586b\u8865\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>PBL\u4e0e<strong>\u5efa\u6784\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08constructivism\uff09<\/strong>\u884d\u751f\u7684\u6559\u5b66\u539f\u5219\u76f8\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u5728\u5efa\u6784\u4e3b\u4e49\u5b66\u4e60\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\uff0c\u77e5\u8bc6\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u793e\u4f1a\u5efa\u6784\uff0c\u7531\u5b66\u4e60\u8005\u4e2a\u4f53\u5728\u8bd5\u56fe\u7406\u89e3\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u65f6\u521b\u9020\u3002\u6784\u5efaPBL\u7684\u57fa\u7840- -\u5b66\u751f\u901a\u8fc7\u79ef\u6781\u53c2\u4e0e\u73b0\u5b9e\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5e76\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u53ca\u5176\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u6765\u521b\u9020\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u662f\u9f13\u52b1\u81ea\u6211\u5bfc\u5411\u548c\u72ec\u7acb\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u5c0f\u7ec4\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5b83\u9f13\u52b1\u610f\u4e49\u5efa\u6784\u800c\u975e\u5185\u5bb9\u79ef\u7d2f\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u88ab\u9f13\u52b1\u5bf9\u6240\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u66f4\u52a0\u8d1f\u8d23\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5bfc\u5e08\u6210\u4e3a\u5b66\u4e60\u7684<strong>\u4fc3\u8fdb\u8005\uff08facilitator\uff09<\/strong>\u3002\u5bfc\u5e08\u4e0d\u63d0\u4f9b\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u9f13\u52b1\u6709\u7528\u7684\u63d0\u95ee\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7edd\u5bf9\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u624d\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e9b\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002PBL\u975e\u5e38\u4f9d\u8d56\u5c0f\u7ec4\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002Johnson\u548cJohnson ( 1993 )\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5408\u4f5c\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u8bfe\u5802\u5185\u9996\u9009\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf91924\u5e74\u81f31981\u5e74\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684120\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5206\u6790\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5408\u4f5c\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6bd4\u7ade\u4e89\u6216\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u66f4\u80fd\u4fc3\u8fdb\u6210\u5c31\u3002\u5b66\u751f\u5fc5\u987b\u79ef\u6781\u53c2\u4e0e\u5b66\u4e60\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u5168\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u5927\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u88ab\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u89c6\u4e3a\u8d85\u8131\u4e8e\u73b0\u5b9e\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u77e5\u8bc6\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u7684\uff0c\u5b66\u751f\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u89c9\u5f97\u5b83\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u7528\u9014\u548c\u9002\u7528\u6027\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u8003\u8bd5\u6216\u5b8c\u6210\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u4efb\u52a1(Entwistle and Entwistle, 1997)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u4e13\u4e1a\u6807\u51c6\u6846\u67b6\u00a0<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>The Professional Standards Framework<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u300a\u4e13\u4e1a\u6807\u51c6\u6846\u67b6\u300b( www.heacademy.ac.uk \/ regandaccr \/ Standards Framework ( 1 ) .pdf )\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e86\u5728\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u6559\u5b66\u4e2d\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u53ef\u53d6\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u3001\u6838\u5fc3\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u3002\u8be5\u6807\u51c6\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u5b66\u4e60\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u627f\u8bfa\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4e2a\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e3a\u4e86\u76f8\u4e92\u7406\u89e3\u800c\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u534f\u4f5c\u548c\u652f\u6301\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002Yeo ( 2005a )\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u5411PBL\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u662f\u7531\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u73af\u5883\u548c\u5168\u7403\u5de5\u4f5c\u573a\u6240\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u6240\u5f15\u53d1\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528PBL\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u7684\u6743\u5b9c\u4e4b\u8ba1\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u8981\u6c42\u5b66\u751f\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u5c06\u7406\u8bba\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5173\u6ce8\u4ed6\u4eec\u672a\u6765\u7684\u5c31\u4e1a\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u53ef\u8f6c\u79fb\u6280\u80fd\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\u4ecd\u5728\u7ee7\u7eed(\u89c1Hyland\u548cJohnson, 1998)\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u5404\u7ea7\u6559\u80b2\u5bf9\u6280\u80fd\u7684\u91cd\u89c6\u6709\u6240\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u5f3a\u8c03\u5c31\u4e1a\u6280\u80fd\u548c\u7ec8\u8eab\u5b66\u4e60\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Discussion Point <br><\/strong>What do you consider is the purpose of a university education in the twenty-first century?<br>\u4f60\u8ba4\u4e3a21\u4e16\u7eaa\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u57fa\u4e8e\u95ee\u9898\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u57fa\u7840\u00a0<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Theoretical rationale for problem-based learning<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u57fa\u4e8e\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u59cb\u4e8e20\u4e16\u7eaa60\u5e74\u4ee3\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u9ea6\u514b\u9a6c\u65af\u7279\u5927\u5b66\u533b\u5b66\u9662\u3002\u5b83\u4ea7\u751f\u4e8e\u5bf9\u4f20\u7edf\u533b\u5b66\u8bad\u7ec3\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u4e0d\u6ee1\uff0c\u53d6\u800c\u4ee3\u4e4b\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u60a3\u75c5\u7684\u75c5\u4eba\u53ca\u5176\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u75c7\u72b6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u3002\u5b9e\u4e60\u533b\u751f\u5fc5\u987b\u80fd\u591f\u901a\u8fc7\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\/\u5206\u6790\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u586b\u8865\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u7a7a\u767d\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8bca\u65ad\u51fa\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fd9\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u73b0\u573a\u7ec3\u4e60\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u601d\u7ef4\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u6280\u80fd\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u88ab\u53d1\u73b0\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u6210\u529f\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u8303\u56f4\u5185\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u533b\u5b66\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u53d8\u5f97\u5f88\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Yeo \u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8981\u91c7\u7528\u4ee5\u5b66\u751f\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90e8\u5206\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A central finding &#8230; indicates that PBL as an emerging teaching approach is not merely the responsibility of teachers and students. It requires close partnership with administrators of the institution to plan, implement, support and evaluate the variety of needs in ensuring optimum outcomes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e00\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u53d1\u73b0..\u8868\u660ePBL\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u5174\u7684\u6559\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u6559\u5e08\u548c\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u3002\u5b83\u9700\u8981\u4e0e\u673a\u6784\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u7d27\u5bc6\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ee5\u89c4\u5212\u3001\u5b9e\u65bd\u3001\u652f\u6301\u548c\u8bc4\u4f30\u5404\u79cd\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u6700\u4f73\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u62c9\u59c6\u65af\u767b( 2004 , p59)\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u4e2d\u7684\u4e09\u79cd\u6559\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u4ed6\u5c06\u5176\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a&#8221;\u7406\u8bba1 &#8211; -\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8bb2\u8ff0\u6216\u4f20\u9012\u7684\u6559\u5b66\uff08Teaching as telling or transmitting \uff09\uff1b\u7406\u8bba2 &#8211; -\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5b66\u751f\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u6559\u5b66(Teaching as organising student activity\uff09\uff1b\u7406\u8bba3 &#8211; -\u8ba9\u5b66\u4e60\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u6559\u5b66(Teaching as making learning possible\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u5021\u5bfc\u7406\u8bba3\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u8ba9\u5b66\u751f\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u590d\u6742\u548c\u5feb\u901f\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u505a\u597d\u51c6\u5907\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u8d70\u5411\u4ee5\u5b66\u751f\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u6446\u8131\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u3001\u9f13\u52b1\u8868\u9762\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u4f20\u64ad\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Surface approaches &#8230; belong to an artificial world of learning, where faithfully reproducing fragments of torpid knowledge to please teachers and pass examinations has replaced understanding.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8868\u9762\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5&#8230;\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u5de5\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u5fe0\u5b9e\u5730\u518d\u73b0\u67af\u71e5\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u7247\u6bb5\u6765\u53d6\u60a6\u6559\u5e08\u548c\u901a\u8fc7\u8003\u8bd5\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e86\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>PBL\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>The PBL process<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u7684PBL\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u5b66\u751f\u5c0f\u7ec4\u8bc6\u522b\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u5f00\u59cb\uff1b\u8fd9\u9700\u8981\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u548c\u5f7b\u5e95\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9f13\u52b1\u5b66\u751f\u4ee5\u76f8\u5f53\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u56fe4.1\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/edu.freezhao.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/problem-based-learning-in-higher-education-3.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7807\" width=\"527\" height=\"443\" srcset=\"https:\/\/edu.freezhao.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/problem-based-learning-in-higher-education-3.png 1269w, https:\/\/edu.freezhao.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/problem-based-learning-in-higher-education-3-300x252.png 300w, https:\/\/edu.freezhao.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/problem-based-learning-in-higher-education-3-768x646.png 768w, https:\/\/edu.freezhao.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/problem-based-learning-in-higher-education-3-400x336.png 400w, https:\/\/edu.freezhao.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/problem-based-learning-in-higher-education-3-800x673.png 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 527px) 100vw, 527px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u89d2\u8272Roles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728PBL\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5f00\u59cb\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u5c06\u65f6\u95f4\u5206\u914d\u5230\u5efa\u7acb\u5c0f\u7ec4\u5185\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u548c\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u540c\u610f\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u5e76\u5411\u5b66\u751f\u89e3\u91ca\u5bfc\u5e08\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f6e\u6362\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u516c\u5e73\u5206\u914d\uff0c\u5e76\u5141\u8bb8\u6bcf\u4e2a\u56e2\u961f\u6210\u5458\u7684\u6280\u80fd\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u4e24\u4e2a\u7a81\u51fa\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u662f&#8221;\u4efb\u52a1\u9886\u5bfc\u8005&#8221;\u548c&#8221;\u4efb\u52a1\u8bb0\u5f55\u8005&#8221;\u6216&#8221;\u6284\u5199\u5458&#8221;\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e2d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6027\u5b66\u4e60A research study in business<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5bf9PBL\u6a21\u5757\u548c\u4f20\u7edf\u4ea4\u4ed8\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u611f\u77e5\u548c\u8868\u73b0\u3002\u5b66\u751f\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u5b66\u671f\u7684&#8221;\u53d1\u5c55\u7ba1\u7406\u6280\u80fd&#8221; ( DMS )\u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\u9996\u6b21\u9047\u5230PBL\uff0c\u8be5\u6a21\u5757\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u7684&#8221;\u5e02\u573a\u8425\u9500\u57fa\u7840&#8221; ( MF )\u6a21\u5757\u4e00\u8d77\u8fd0\u884c\u3002\u5728\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u5b66\u671f\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b66\u751f\u4ee5PBL\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b66\u4e60\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757&#8221;\u4eba\u529b\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406&#8221;\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-heading\">\u95ee\u5377\u8c03\u67e5\u5206\u6790Questionnaire analysis<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5173\u4e8ePBL\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u957f\u671f\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5f88\u96be\u5f97\u51fa\u786e\u5207\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u5c0f\u7ec4\u4f5c\u4e1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u6210\u7ee9\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4f1a\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u8fd9\u8868\u660e\u5b66\u751f\u4e00\u65e6\u7406\u89e3\u4e86PBL\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u53d8\u5f97\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u6210\u529f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized wp-duotone-unset-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/edu.freezhao.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/problem-based-learning-in-higher-education-2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7811\" width=\"840\" height=\"472\" srcset=\"https:\/\/edu.freezhao.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/problem-based-learning-in-higher-education-2.png 1600w, https:\/\/edu.freezhao.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/problem-based-learning-in-higher-education-2-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/edu.freezhao.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/problem-based-learning-in-higher-education-2-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/edu.freezhao.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/problem-based-learning-in-higher-education-2-1536x864.png 1536w, https:\/\/edu.freezhao.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/problem-based-learning-in-higher-education-2-400x225.png 400w, https:\/\/edu.freezhao.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/problem-based-learning-in-higher-education-2-800x450.png 800w, https:\/\/edu.freezhao.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/problem-based-learning-in-higher-education-2-1320x743.png 1320w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 840px) 100vw, 840px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">(N=115) Figures in percentages p&lt;0.05 (<a href=\"https:\/\/baike.baidu.com\/item\/%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%94%E7%A7%91%E5%85%8B%E6%A3%AE%E7%AC%A6%E5%8F%B7%E7%A7%A9%E6%A3%80%E9%AA%8C\/596168?fr=aladdin\">Wilcoxon signed ranks tes<\/a>t)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u56fe\u53f3\u4e0b\u89d2\u662f\u4e24\u6b21\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u5b66\u751f\u5bf9\u95ee\u5377\u4e2d\u7ed9\u5b9a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u56de\u7b54\u3002\u8bc4\u5206\u4ece0 (\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u610f)\u52309 (\u5b8c\u5168\u540c\u610f)\u3002126\u540d\u5b66\u751f\u53c2\u52a0\u4e86PBL\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d42\u540d\u5b66\u751f\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u95ee\u5377\u8c03\u67e5<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u5b66\u751f\u4e66\u9762\u53cd\u601d\u7684\u5206\u6790<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;Analysis of students\u2019 written reflections<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\">\n<li>\u8ba4\u4e3aPBL\u6a21\u5757\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eec\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u52a8\u673a\u95ee\u9898\u8f83\u4e3a\u4e25\u91cd\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u63d0\u95ee\u4e0e\u8ba8\u8bba\u4f1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7684\u201c\u6a21\u7cca\u201d\u8fbe\u6210\u4e00\u81f4\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u52a8\u529b\u4e0a\u90fd\u5341\u5206\u88ab\u8feb\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b66\u671f\u638c\u63e1\u4e86\u5b66\u4e60\u65b9\u6cd5\u901a\u8fc7\u53cd\u590d\u7684\u9605\u8bfb\u6587\u7ae0\u548c\u91cd\u8bfb\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u7406\u89e3\u63d0\u9ad8\u5e76\u4e14\u6709\u6548\u5730\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u4efb\u52a1\uff1b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\u4eba\u6ca1\u6709\u79ef\u6781\u53c2\u52a0\uff0c\u628a\u91cd\u5fc3\u5012\u5728\u4e86\u5bb6\u5ead\u6216\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e0a\uff1b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u72ec\u7acb\u601d\u8003\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5bf9\u56e2\u961f\u5408\u4f5c\u7ba1\u7406\u6280\u80fd\u8bad\u7ec3\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u9ad8\uff1b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u964c\u751f\u6210\u5458\u5728\u573a\u4e5f\u8ba9\u81ea\u5df1\u6709\u52a8\u529b\u8868\u8fbe\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff1b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6559\u6388\u597d\u4e86\u8fd9\u95e8\u5b66\u79d1\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u81ea\u5df1\u62d3\u5bbd\u548c\u7406\u89e3\u5e76\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u4e8e\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u00a0<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">An example of a problem-based learning activity<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>(A comprehensive range of activities in other discipline areas can be found in Uden and Beaumont, 2006.) Students were given the following question: You have taken over as the new manager of The Business, a recruitment agency, with 86 members of staff. After your first month in post, you are trying to review The Business\u2019s mission statement and operational procedures. You are facing opposition from the Deputy Manager, who was the Acting Manager before you were appointed, and some other members of the staff team.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f60\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u5bb6\u62db\u8058\u673a\u6784the Business\u7684\u65b0\u4efb\u7ecf\u7406\uff0c\u8be5\u516c\u53f8\u670986\u540d\u5458\u5de5\u3002\u5728\u4f60\u5165\u804c\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6708\u540e\uff0c\u4f60\u8bd5\u56fe\u56de\u987e\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u4f7f\u547d\u5ba3\u8a00\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u4f60\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u6765\u81ea\u526f\u7ecf\u7406(\u5728\u4f60\u88ab\u4efb\u547d\u4e4b\u524d\u662f\u4ee3\u7406\u7ecf\u7406)\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4e00\u4e9b\u5458\u5de5\u56e2\u961f\u6210\u5458\u7684\u53cd\u5bf9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8ba8\u8bba\u662f\u5f00\u653e\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u9700\u8981\u5bb3\u6015\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5b66\u751f\u90fd\u4f1a\u5904\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u5b66\u751f\u4eec\u80fd\u505a\u7684\u6700\u597d\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u5c31\u662f\u95ee\u4e00\u4e9b\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u95ee\u9898(\u8c01\uff0c\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u5728\u54ea\u91cc\uff0c\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u600e\u6837)\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u9f13\u52b1\u4ece\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u53c2\u4e0e\u548c\u8fbe\u6210\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u6284\u88ad\u95ee\u9898\u00a0<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Plagiarism issues<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>PBL\u6559\u5b66\u6cd5\u5728\u5b66\u751f\u4ee5\u4e66\u9762\u5f62\u5f0f\u53c2\u4e0e\u6bcf\u5468\u5f02\u6b65\u8bba\u575b\u7684\u5728\u7ebf\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u5c24\u5176\u6709\u6548\u3002\u5f53\u5bfc\u5e08\u4ee5\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u8ddf\u968f\u5b66\u751f\u5b8c\u6210\u5b66\u4e60\u65c5\u7a0b\u65f6\uff0c\u5b66\u751f\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u9690\u85cf\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u6bcf\u5468\u5bf9\u4e66\u9762\u8bba\u575b\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u51fa\u5e2d\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5728\u51fa\u5e2d\u8bba\u575b\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u5f00\u59cb\u660e\u663e\u5730\u53c2\u4e0e\u624b\u5934\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5e76\u8868\u8fbe\u4ed6\u4eec\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u77e5\u8bc6\u5dee\u8ddd\u6216\u7c7b\u4f3c\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\uff0c\u5bfc\u5e08\u5c06\u5728\u63d0\u4ea4\u7ec8\u7ed3\u6027\u8bc4\u4f30\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u80fd\u529b<strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u603b\u7ed3<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u6280\u80fd\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u5728\u8f85\u5bfc\u5458\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\u4e0b\u7cbe\u5fc3\u57f9\u517b\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u8bb8\u591aPBL\u6d3b\u52a8\u7ecf\u5e38\u9047\u5230\u7684\u7eca\u811a\u77f3\u662f\u5c0f\u7ec4\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5b66\u751f\u60f3\u8981\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u5e2e\u52a9\u4ed6\u4eec\u5904\u7406\u56e2\u4f53\u7ec4\u6210\u548c\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u5b66\u4e60\u5728\u56e2\u961f\u4e2d\u5408\u4f5c\u3001\u654f\u611f\u548c\u81ea\u4fe1\u5730\u5de5\u4f5c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u5bb9\u4f4e\u4f30\u7684\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5b66\u751f\u6ca1\u6709\u5145\u5206\u7684\u51c6\u5907\u548c\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u5f88\u75db\u82e6\u3002\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u61c8\u6020\u201d(Ringelmann, 1913)\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7ecf\u5e38\u88ab\u62a5\u9053(\u672c\u7ae0\u540e\u9762\u4f1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u4f8b\u5b50)\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b66\u751f\u6ca1\u6709\u5c3d\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u4efb\u52a1\u8d1f\u62c5\u5c31\u843d\u5728\u4e86\u5c0f\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u8eab\u4e0a\u3002\u53cc\u65b9\u90fd\u6709\u632b\u6298\u611f\uff0c\u201c\u5de5\u4eba\u201d\u611f\u5230\u5931\u671b\u548c\u88ab\u611a\u5f04\uff0c\u201c\u9003\u907f\u8005\u201d\u611f\u5230\u65e0\u6cd5\u8868\u8fbe\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u6216\u6311\u6218\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7fa4\u4f53\u6210\u5458\u3002\u5728\u8003\u8651\u91c7\u7528PBL\u65b9\u6cd5\u65f6\uff0c\u5e94\u5728\u5f00\u59cb\u524d\u8ba4\u771f\u8003\u8651\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6f5c\u5728\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u9879\u5c0f\u7814\u7a76\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5370\u8bc1\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5b83\u6697\u793aPBL\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u6559\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9f13\u52b1\u5b66\u751f\u91c7\u53d6\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u559c\u6b22\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4fe1\u606f\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u56fe(infographic)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full wp-duotone-unset-2\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1080\" height=\"1920\" src=\"https:\/\/edu.freezhao.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/problem-based-learning-in-higher-education-4.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7793\" srcset=\"https:\/\/edu.freezhao.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/problem-based-learning-in-higher-education-4.png 1080w, https:\/\/edu.freezhao.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/problem-based-learning-in-higher-education-4-169x300.png 169w, https:\/\/edu.freezhao.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/problem-based-learning-in-higher-education-4-768x1365.png 768w, https:\/\/edu.freezhao.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/problem-based-learning-in-higher-education-4-864x1536.png 864w, https:\/\/edu.freezhao.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/problem-based-learning-in-higher-education-4-400x711.png 400w, https:\/\/edu.freezhao.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/problem-based-learning-in-higher-education-4-800x1422.png 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1080px) 100vw, 1080px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Comments<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5c1d\u8bd5\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0d\u719f\u6089\u7684\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u5bc6\u5bc6\u9ebb\u9ebb\u7684\u82f1\u6587\u5b57\u6bcd\u770b\u7684\u5934\u5927\u4f46\u8fd8\u662f\u5728\u56db\u5468\u5185\u628a\u5b83\u901a\u8bfb\u770b\u5b8c\u5e76\u68b3\u7406\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u53d1\u73b0\u8fd8\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5168\u6587\u6982\u62ec\u7684\u4e0d\u591f\u7b80\u6d01\u3002\u4e0a\u8bfe\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u6709\u591a\u723d\u505a\u4f5c\u4e1a\u5c31\u6709\u591a\u60e8\uff08\u62b1\u5934\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8bfb\u4e86\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u540e\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u75ab\u60c5\u5f71\u54cd\u6539\u6210\u7ebf\u4e0a\u8bfe\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5728\u7ebf\u4e0b\u5e94\u8be5\u4f1a\u5f88\u597d\u73a9\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u7ebf\u4e0b\u4e0a\u8bfe\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0e\u6587\u7ae0\u7684PBL\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5927\u76f8\u5f84\u5ead\uff0c\u67e5\u4e86\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u53d1\u73b0\u8be5\u5b66\u4e60\u6a21\u5f0f\u5728\u533b\u7597\u9886\u57df\u4ee5\u53ca\u6587\u7ae0\u4e3e\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u9886\u57df\u4e0a\u5df2\u7ecf\u662f\u5341\u5206\u6210\u719f\uff0c\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6211\u6240\u5b66\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u53ef\u80fd\u7528\u5230\u7684\u5e76\u4e0d\u591a\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0a\u5b8c\u4e86\u8fd9\u95e8\u8bfe\u4e4b\u540e\u4ee5\u53ca\u8bfb\u4e86\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u540e\u4e5f\u4f7f\u6211\u53d7\u76ca\u532a\u6d45\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6211\u672c\u4ee5\u4e3a\u8fd9\u95e8\u8bfe\u662f\u67af\u71e5\u4e4f\u5473\u7684\uff0c\u56db\u5468\u4e0b\u6765\u540e\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u4e00\u4e32\u4e32\u82f1\u6587\u5b57\u6bcd\u5916\u62cd\u89c6\u9891\u3001\u5236\u4f5c\u4fe1\u606f\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u56fe\u3001\u7f16\u8f91\u6587\u7ae0\u5176\u5b9e\u90fd\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u8da3\u7684\uff08\u867d\u7136\u6211\u771f\u7684\u4e0d\u4f1a\u505a\u4f46\u5c3d\u529b\u4e86XD<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u611f\u8c22\u963f\u98de\u8001\u5e08\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u5728\u8fd9\u56db\u5468\u91cc\u6536\u83b7\u6ee1\u6ee1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u539f\u6587<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Campbell, A., &amp; Norton, L. (Eds.). (2007). <em>Learning, teaching and assessing in higher education: Developing reflective practice<\/em>. Learning Matters.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u4e2d\u57fa\u4e8e\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5b66\u4e60 \u6587\u7ae0\u6982\u8ff0 \u672c\u6587\u6e90\u81ea2007\u5e74\u7531Anne Campbell Lin Norton\u6240\u7f16\u5199 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":228,"featured_media":13661,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[464,44],"tags":[711,606,724,694,712,722,605,614],"class_list":["post-7440","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-original-course","category-ials","tag-constructivism","tag-higher-education","tag-learning-model","tag-pbl-li-lun","tag-problembased-learning","tag-xue-xi-mo-shi","tag-jian-gou-zhu-yi","tag-gao-deng-jiao-yu"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Problem-based learning in higher education - 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