{"id":9596,"date":"2023-06-30T16:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-06-30T08:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/edu.freezhao.com\/?p=9596"},"modified":"2023-07-10T11:48:55","modified_gmt":"2023-07-10T03:48:55","slug":"the-international-handbook-on-innovation-7-14","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/edu.freezhao.com\/en\/original-course\/ials\/2023\/06\/the-international-handbook-on-innovation-7-14\/","title":{"rendered":"The International Handbook on Innovation 7\/14"},"content":{"rendered":"<iframe id=\"spkj\" src=\"\/\/player.bilibili.com\/player.html?aid=230347619&#038;bvid=BV1Th411N7Fn&#038;cid=1179505847&#038;page=1\" scrolling=\"no\" border=\"0\" frameborder=\"no\" framespacing=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" width=\"100%\"> <\/iframe>\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\">  \ndocument.getElementById(\"spkj\").style.height=document.getElementById(\"spkj\").scrollWidth*0.76+\"px\";\n<\/script>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">VII. Innovations in Different Domains \u4e0d\u540c\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u7684\u521b\u65b0<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7b80\u4ecb<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u300a\u624b\u518c\u300b\u7b2c\u4e03\u90e8\u5206\u201c\u4e0d\u540c\u9886\u57df\u7684\u521b\u65b0\u201d\u65e8\u5728\u4e86\u89e3\u7279\u5b9a\u9886\u57df\u7684\u521b\u65b0\u3002\u672c\u7ae0\u4ece\u5d2d\u65b0\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u5206\u6790\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u827a\u672f\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u5546\u4e1a\u3001\u6280\u672f\u3001\u91d1\u878d\u7b49\u5404\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u672c\u7ae0\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u7279\u5b9a\u9886\u57df\u7684\u521b\u65b0\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u79d1\u5b66\u521b\u65b0\u3001\u6280\u672f\u548c\u5de5\u4e1a\u521b\u65b0\u3001\u91d1\u878d\u521b\u65b0\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u521b\u65b0\u7b49\u3002\u672c\u7ae0\u8282\u5185\u5bb9\u8de8\u9886\u57df\u5e45\u5ea6\u6781\u5927\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u96be\u4ee5\u7528\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u6982\u8ff0\uff0c\u4f46\u7814\u7a76\u4e0d\u540c\u9886\u57df\u7684\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u89e3\u7b54\u4e00\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u6027\u662f\u5426\u9884\u5148\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u521b\u65b0\u673a\u5236\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f7.5-7.9\u7ae0\u7684\u5bfc\u8bfb\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>7.5 \u8bd7\u7684\u521b\u65b0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>7.6 \u97f3\u4e50\u6559\u80b2\u521b\u65b0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>7.7 \u6280\u672f\u521b\u65b0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>7.8 \u91d1\u878d\u670d\u52a1\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u521b\u65b0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>7.9 \u96c6\u6210\u7535\u5b50\u548c\u76f8\u5173\u6280\u672f\u7684\u521b\u65b0 <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7.5 Poetic Innovation \u8bd7\u7684\u521b\u65b0<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u6982\u8981<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a<\/strong>George Swede<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u5185\u5bb9\u7b80\u4ecb\uff1a<\/strong>\u5728\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u4f5c\u8005\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u827a\u672f\u5bb6\u90fd\u5e0c\u671b\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u548c\u5f53\u4ee3\u90fd\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u8bd7\u4eba\u4ee5\u53ca\u8bd7\u6b4c\u671f\u520a\u548c\u9009\u96c6\u7684\u7f16\u8f91\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u8bd7\u4eba\u5982\u4f55\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u52aa\u529b\u5b9e\u73b0\u521b\u65b0\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u6210\u679c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u827a\u672f\u521b\u65b0\u3002Swede\u7684\u5206\u6790\u57fa\u4e8e\u5bf9\u8bd7\u4eba\u53ca\u5176\u8bd7\u6b4c\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u6587\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u8bd7\u6b4c\u548c\u7f16\u8f91\u7ecf\u9a8c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u8bd7\u4eba\u7684\u5b9a\u4f4d\uff1auniversal one<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u56db\u79cd\u521b\u9020\u884c\u4e3a<\/strong>\uff1aUniversal one\/two creativity;Personal one\/two creativity<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Universal:<\/strong>\u666e\u4e16\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u521b\u9020\u884c\u4e3a\uff1a\u5f53\u521b\u9020\u6027\u884c\u4e3a\u5728\u4eba\u7c7b\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\u8131\u9896\u800c\u51fa\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u72ec\u7279\u800c\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u5177\u6709\u4e86\u666e\u904d\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Personal:<\/strong>\u4e2a\u4f53\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u521b\u9020\u884c\u4e3a\uff1a\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u7a81\u7834\u6027\u7684\u3001\u521b\u9020\u6027\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u7fa4\u4f53\u5df2\u7ecf\u7ecf\u5386\u8fc7\u7684\uff0c\u4ec5\u5bf9\u4e2a\u4eba\u800c\u8a00\u72ec\u7279\u800c\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>one\/two:<\/strong>\u521b\u65b0\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u5355\u4eba\uff08one\uff09\u6216\u591a\u4eba\uff08two\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u8bd7\u4eba\u4e3a\u4f55\u521b\u65b0<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u804c\u4e1a\u8981\u6c42:<\/strong>\u8bd7\u4eba\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u827a\u672f\u5bb6\u7b49\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u521b\u9020\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u4eba\uff09\u5177\u6709\u5bf9\u521b\u9020\u529b\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u4ee5\u53ca\u538b\u529b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u804c\u4e1a\u7279\u6027:<\/strong>\u521b\u65b0\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u521b\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u6709\u522b\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eba\uff0c\u72ec\u7279\u6027\u662f\u827a\u672f\u5bb6\u4e8e\u5176\u5b83\u4eba\u7684\u4ef7\u503c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u5e02\u573a\u56e0\u7d20:<\/strong>\u65b0\u9896\u662f\u4f5c\u54c1\u662f\u5426\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8ffd\u6c42\u65b0\u9896\u662f\u8bd7\u4eba\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u52a8\u529b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u81ea\u6211\u6548\u80fd:<\/strong>\u5373\u4fbf\u8bd7\u6b4c\u521b\u4f5c\u76f8\u6bd4\u522b\u7684\u6587\u5b66\u521b\u4f5c\u56de\u62a5\u66f4\u5c11\uff0c\u4f46\u5feb\u901f\u7684\u6293\u53d6\u7075\u611f\u4e0e\u521b\u4f5c\u66f4\u6613\u8ba9\u521b\u4f5c\u8005\u83b7\u5f97\u6ee1\u8db3\u611f\u4e0e\u6210\u5c31\u611f\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8bd7\u4eba\u4e0d\u65ad\u521b\u4f5c\u8bd7\u6b4c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u8bd7\u4eba\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u56e0\u7d20<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u524d\u666f\u56e0\u7d20\uff08\u4f18\u79c0\u521b\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u7279\u5f81\uff09<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u52aa\u529b\u5de5\u4f5c\u548c\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u4ea7\u51fa<\/strong>:\u4f18\u79c0\u7684\u8bd7\u4eba\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u4ed8\u51fa\u8f9b\u52e4\u7684\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u521b\u4f5c\u51fa\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u4e0d\u65ad\u63d0\u9ad8\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u521b\u4f5c\u6c34\u5e73\uff0c\u5e76\u4fdd\u6301\u9ad8\u4ea7\u91cf\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u9ad8\u6807\u51c6\u548c\u81ea\u6211\u8bc1\u660e\u7684\u9700\u6c42<\/strong>:\u6770\u51fa\u7684\u8bd7\u4eba\u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ffd\u6c42\u5353\u8d8a\uff0c\u5e76\u5e0c\u671b\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u6765\u8bc1\u660e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u548c\u624d\u534e<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u73b0\u5b9e\u611f\u548c\u72ec\u7acb\u6027<\/strong>:\u4f18\u79c0\u7684\u8bd7\u4eba\u5177\u6709\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u611f\u548c\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u6709\u7740\u654f\u9510\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u529b\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0d\u53d7\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u575a\u6301\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u521b\u4f5c\u65b9\u5411\u548c\u98ce\u683c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u4e2a\u6027\u51b3\u5b9a\u8bd7\u6b4c\u521b\u4f5c<\/strong>:\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u4e2a\u6027\u53ef\u80fd\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u9009\u62e9\u5199\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u8bd7\u6b4c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u76f8\u53cd\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u8bd7\u4eba\u7684\u4e2a\u6027\u7279\u70b9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u521b\u4f5c\u98ce\u683c\u548c\u4e3b\u9898\u9009\u62e9\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u4e00\u4e9b\u75af\u72c2<\/strong>:\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6770\u51fa\u7684\u8bd7\u4eba\u603b\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u75af\u72c2\u7684\u5370\u8c61\u3002\u8d85\u7ea7\u521b\u9020\u8005\uff08\u6307\u90a3\u4e9b\u5728\u521b\u9020\u529b\u65b9\u9762\u975e\u5e38\u6770\u51fa\u7684\u4eba\uff09\u4e2d\u7684\u75af\u72c2\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5e76\u4e0d\u6bd4\u666e\u901a\u4eba\u7fa4\u66f4\u9ad8\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u53d1\u73b0\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u521b\u9020\u529b\u4e0e\u7cbe\u795e\u5065\u5eb7\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u80cc\u666f\u56e0\u7d20\uff1a<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u73af\u5883<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u8bd7\u6b4c\u521b\u4f5c\u53d7\u5386\u53f2\u73af\u5883\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4e00\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8bd7\u4eba\u7684\u521b\u9020\u529b\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u662f\u5426\u83b7\u76ca\u4e8e\u5916\u90e8\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u82e5\u83b7\u76ca\u5219\u4fc3\u8fdb\u521b\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e0d\u83b7\u76ca\u53cd\u4e4b\u3002\u800c\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fc7\u65e9\u5730\u6216\u8fc7\u5206\u5730\u5956\u52b1\u6216\u8bb8\u4f1a\u524a\u5f31\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u8bd7\u6b4c\u521b\u4f5c\u9700\u8981\u5929\u65f6\u5730\u5229\u4eba\u548c\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4fdd\u6301\u4e13\u6ce8\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u4ea7\u751f\u8d1f\u9762\u60c5\u7eea\u4e5f\u4f1a\u6fc0\u53d1\u521b\u9020\u529b\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u758f\u79bb\u611f\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5916\u90e8\u73af\u5883\u9664\u4e86\uff08\u76f8\u5bf9\uff09\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8981\u6c42\u8fd8\u5e94\u8be5\u63d0\u4f9b\u52a8\u529b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5f3a\u8c03\u6210\u5c31\u4e0e\u9f13\u52b1\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u6587\u5316\u73af\u5883\u524d\u63d0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u667a\u529b<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u667a\u5546\u9ad8\u4e0d\u4ee3\u8868\u6709\u521b\u9020\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u6559\u80b2\u4f1a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9ad8\u667a\u5546\u7684\u4eba\u6709\u504f\u89c1\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u7684\u521b\u9020\u529b\u88ab\u5ffd\u89c6\u4e86<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u6559\u80b2<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9002\u5ea6\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u521b\u9020\u529b\uff0c\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u4f1a\u56fa\u5316\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8bd7\u4eba\u800c\u8a00\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u83b7\u53d6\u5b66\u5386\u517b\u6d3b\u81ea\u5df1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u6027\u522b<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7537\u5973\u521b\u9020\u529b\u65e0\u5f02\uff0c\u4f46\u5f85\u9047\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u8bd7\u6b4c\u9886\u57df\u7537\u5973\u521b\u4f5c\u8005\u6570\u91cf\u8f83\u5747\u8861\uff0c\u4f46\u83b7\u5f97\u8f83\u9ad8\u6210\u5c31\u8005\u7537\u6027\u5c45\u591a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5e74\u9f84<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u666e\u904d\u521b\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a40\u5c81\u5de6\u53f3\u662f\u9876\u5cf0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u827a\u672f\u5bb620\u5c81\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\uff1a50-60\u5c81\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u539f\u56e0\uff1a\u827a\u672f\u521b\u4f5c\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e14\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u90a3\u4e48\u591a\u4e13\u4e1a\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u800c\u591a\u4eba\u5408\u4f5c\uff08\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u5ef6\u957f\u521b\u9020\u529b\u6301\u7eed\u65f6\u95f4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8bd7\u4eba\uff1a39\u5c81\uff0c\u5c0f\u8bf4\u5bb6\uff1a43\u5c81<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u539f\u56e0\uff1a\u5c0f\u8bf4\u5bb6\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u591a\u751f\u6d3b\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u79ef\u7d2f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7.6 Directions for Innovation in Music Education: Integrating Conceptions of Musical Giftedness into General Educational Practice and Enhancing Innovation on the Part of Musically Gifted Students <\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u97f3\u4e50\u6559\u80b2\u521b\u65b0\u65b9\u5411\uff1a\u5c06\u97f3\u4e50\u8d44\u4f18\u89c2\u5ff5\u878d\u5165\u4e00\u822c\u6559\u80b2\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u52a0\u5f3a\u97f3\u4e50\u8d44\u4f18\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u521b\u65b0<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u6982\u8981<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a<\/strong>Larry Scripp\uff0cRena F. Subotnik<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u5185\u5bb9\u7b80\u4ecb\uff1a<\/strong>\u672c\u6587\u4e3a\u4f5c\u8005Larry Scripp\u548cRena F. Subotnik\u5173\u4e8e\u5e94\u8be5\u4e3a\u516c\u7acb\u5b66\u6821\u97f3\u4e50\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u521b\u65b0\u505a\u4e9b\u4ec0\u4e48\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002Scripp\u548cSubotnik\u5bf9\u97f3\u4e50\u6559\u80b2\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u5206\u6790\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86<strong>5\u4e2a\u7b56\u7565<\/strong>\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fc3\u8fdb\u672a\u6765\u7684\u521b\u65b0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5\u4e2a\u7b56\u7565\uff1a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u8c03\u548c\u5173\u4e8e\u97f3\u4e50\u6559\u80b2\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u89c2\u70b9<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e8\u5728\u9020\u798f\u6240\u6709\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u7efc\u5408\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u8bfe\u7a0b\u6846\u67b6\uff0c<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u57f9\u517b\u9ad8\u7ea7\u5927\u5b66\u97f3\u4e50\u5b66\u9662\u5b66\u751f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u201c\u827a\u672f\u5bb6 &#8211; \u6559\u5e08 &#8211; \u5b66\u8005\u201d\u4e3a\u521b\u65b0\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u6027\u505a\u51fa\u8d21\u732e\uff0c<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5f62\u6210\u5927\u5b66 &#8211; \u97f3\u4e50\u5b66\u9662\uff0c\u827a\u672f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u516c\u7acb\u5b66\u6821\u4f19\u4f34\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u63a2\u7d22\u548c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u5929\u624d\u7684\u65b0\u6982\u5ff5\u5b9e\u65bd\u521b\u65b0\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u7efc\u5408\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u97f3\u4e50\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u97f3\u4e50\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u5bf9\u7acb\u89c2\u70b9<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u201c\u672c\u8d28\u4e3b\u4e49 essentialism\u201d<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e3a\u97f3\u4e50\u800c\u6559\u80b2\u3002\u672c\u8d28\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u6709\u8bc1\u636e\u8868\u660e\u97f3\u4e50\u6559\u5b66\u6709\u51e0\u79cd\u8f85\u52a9\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u4f46\u97f3\u4e50\u6559\u5e08\u5e94\u8be5\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u97f3\u4e50\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e00\u5957\u6280\u80fd\u548c\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8d1f\u8d23\u4ece\u8fd9\u79cd\u6559\u5b66\u4e2d\u6c72\u53d6\u201c\u97f3\u4e50\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u597d\u5904\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u201c\u5de5\u5177\u4e3b\u4e49 instrumentalism\u201d<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e3a\u6559\u80b2\u800c\u97f3\u4e50\u3002\u201c\u5de5\u5177\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u201d\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u97f3\u4e50\u4e0d\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u771f\u7a7a\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u5b66\u79d1\u9886\u57df\u548c\u827a\u672f\u5f62\u5f0f\u6709\u7740\u5185\u5728\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u97f3\u4e50\u5b66\u4e60\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\u501f\u9274\u5e76\u53c2\u4e0e\u8bb8\u591a\u5b66\u79d1\u9886\u57df\u5171\u4eab\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u8fc7\u7a0b\u548c\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\u2014\u2014\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u540c\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u7efc\u5408\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u8bfe\u7a0b\u6846\u67b6<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u4f7f\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u97f3\u4e50\u8bfe\u7a0b\u83b7\u5f97<strong>\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u6838\u5fc3\u8bfe\u7a0b\u79d1\u76ee\u540c\u7b49\u7684\u5730\u4f4d<\/strong>\uff0c\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u4ece\u5b66\u79d1\u5185\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u5177\u6709\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u8fde\u8d2f\u6027\u3002\u4ee5\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u827a\u672f\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u65e2\u5305\u62ec\u9605\u8bfb\u548c\u5199\u4f5c\u7684\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u5404\u79cd\u6587\u5b66\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u4f5c\u66f2\uff0c\u5168\u9762\u7684\u97f3\u4e50\u8bfe\u7a0b\u5e94\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5404\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u548c\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u8868\u6f14\u57f9\u8bad\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5373\u5174\u521b\u4f5c\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u58f0\u97f3\u548c\u4e00\u79cd\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4e50\u5668\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u66f2\u76ee;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5177\u6709\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u8f85\u52a9\u97f3\u4e50\u4f5c\u66f2\u4ee5\u53ca\u952e\u76d8\u7ec3\u4e60\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u901a\u8fc7\u8046\u542c\u6280\u5de7\uff0c\u97f3\u4e50\u4f1a\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u9a7b\u573a\u827a\u672f\u5bb6\u8ba1\u5212\u63a5\u89e6\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u97f3\u4e50\u6587\u5b66\u548c\u5ba1\u7f8e\u7ecf\u9a8c;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5bf9\u6d41\u5229\u7684\u97f3\u4e50\u9605\u8bfb\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u671f\u671b;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6709\u65f6\u95f4\u8c03\u67e5\u5f00\u653e\u5f0f\u97f3\u4e50\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u201c\u827a\u672f\u5bb6 &#8211; \u6559\u5e08 &#8211; \u5b66\u8005\u201d\u6a21\u5f0f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"813\" height=\"828\" src=\"https:\/\/edu.freezhao.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/image.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9785\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u65b0\u7684\u6559\u5b66\u6846\u67b6\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5c06\u53d1\u5c55\u827a\u672f\u5bb6\/\u6559\u5e08\/\u5b66\u8005( ATS )\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5b66\u6821\u6838\u5fc3\u4f7f\u547d\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u521b\u5efa&#8221;\u6559\u80b2\u97f3\u4e50\u4e2d\u5fc3&#8221;\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u673a\u6784\u7684\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u5e0c\u671b\u66f4\u65e9\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u66f4\u665a\u505a\u597d\u51c6\u5907\u7684\u6f14\u594f\u4e13\u4e1a\u5b66\u751f\u63d0\u4f9b\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5c06\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u97f3\u4e50\u827a\u672f\u5bb6\u751f\u6daf\u6709\u5173\u7684\u6559\u5b66\u548c\u5b66\u672f\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5408\u4f5c\u5173\u7cfb\u7f51\u7edc<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u5728\u516c\u7acb\u5b66\u6821\u5efa\u7acb\u97f3\u4e50\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u97f3\u4e50\u5b66\u9662\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u7279\u8bb8\u5b66\u6821&#8221;\u901a\u8fc7\u97f3\u4e50\u5b66\u4e60&#8221;\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u524d\u63d0\uff08\u5bf9\u97f3\u4e50\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u8ba4\u77e5\u8f6c\u578b\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>1\u3001\u97f3\u4e50\u65e2\u662f\u516c\u7acb\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u5a92\u4ecb\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>2\u3001\u5e94\u5728\u6240\u6709\u5e74\u7ea7\u63d0\u4f9b\u5168\u9762\u548c\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u97f3\u4e50\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u65e2\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u97f3\u4e50\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u5b66\u672f\u9886\u57df\u540c\u7b49\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>3\u3001\u97f3\u4e50\u5e94\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u8303\u5f0f\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>4\u3001\u97f3\u4e50\u5e94\u4f5c\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a-\u60c5\u611f\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5a92\u4ecb\u548c\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>5\u3001\u97f3\u4e50\u5e94\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8bfe\u7a0b\u5f00\u53d1\u3001\u6559\u5b66\u3001\u8bc4\u4f30\u3001\u4e13\u4e1a\u53d1\u5c55\u3001\u5168\u6821\u793e\u533a\u53c2\u4e0e\u7684\u5178\u8303\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u6269\u6563\u6210\u529f\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u5171\u540c\u7684\u97f3\u4e50\u6559\u80b2\u9ad8\u6807\u51c6<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5efa\u7acb\u56fd\u5bb6\u97f3\u4e50\u6559\u80b2\u8054\u5408\u4f1a\uff0c\u7531\u7f8e\u56fd\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u8d60\u6b3e\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u827a\u672f\u6350\u8d60\u57fa\u91d1\u8d44\u52a9<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u76ee\u6807\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol 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<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u8d44\u4f18\u6559\u80b2\u63a2\u7d22<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u591a\u7ef4\u5ea6\u7684\u6279\u5224\u6807\u51c6<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u6f14\u594f\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5929\u8d4b\u7684\u8ff9\u8c61\u5c06\u66f4\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u521b\u9020\u6027\u548c\u5206\u6790\u6027\u5730\u53c2\u4e0e\u591a\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8868\u6f14\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u5bf9\u97f3\u4e50\u3001\u4f5c\u66f2\u7684\u8c61\u5f81\u6027\u628a\u63e1\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u901a\u8fc7\u57fa\u4e8e\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u97f3\u4e50\u8bbe\u8ba1\u548c\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u53cd\u601d\u6027\u7406\u89e3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u97f3\u4e50\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6280\u80fd\u6574\u5408\u7684\u5a92\u4ecb\u3002<\/strong>\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u97f3\u4e50\u5929\u8d4b\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u521b\u9020\u6216\u5373\u5174\u521b\u4f5c\u5404\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u97f3\u4e50\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5730\u5206\u6790\u5404\u79cd\u98ce\u683c\u548c\u6d41\u6d3e\u7684\u97f3\u4e50\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u97f3\u4e50\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u6570\u5b66\u8868\u5f81\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b\u4ea6\u7136<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u97f3\u4e50\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u5177\u6709\u591a\u91cd\u8868\u8c61\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u3002<\/strong>\u4e0e\u5176\u8bf4\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u9605\u8bfb\u97f3\u4e50\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u673a\u68b0\u7684\u3001\u523a\u6fc0\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u5929\u8d4b\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u53ef\u80fd\u5b66\u5f97\u66f4\u5feb\uff0c\u4e0d\u5982\u8bf4\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7075\u6d3b\u5730\u8f6c\u6362\u8868\u73b0\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u662f(\u4ece\u6f14\u594f\u5230\u6f14\u5531,\u4ece\u65e0\u58f0\u7684\u60f3\u8c61\u5230\u5916\u5728\u7684\u8868\u73b0)\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u7b26\u53f7\u8868\u5f81(\u6570\u5b57\u3001\u97f3\u7b26\u3001\u6587\u5b57\u3001\u624b\u52bf\u7b49\u3002)\u5c06\u4e3a\u8bc4\u4ef7\u548c\u57f9\u517b\u97f3\u4e50\u5929\u8d4b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u6709\u7528\u7684\u6846\u67b6\uff1b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul 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class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u97f3\u4e50\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u793e\u4f1a\u516c\u76ca\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u6559\u80b2\u5f62\u5f0f<\/strong>\u3002\u97f3\u4e50\u4e2d\u7684\u5929\u8d4b\u5e94\u8be5\u7528\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u6765\u8861\u91cf\uff0c\u4ee5\u9075\u5faa\u6307\u4ee4\u6216\u575a\u6301\u4e00\u5957\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5929\u8d4b\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u5bf9\u97f3\u4e50\u5bf9\u4e2a\u4eba\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u5bf9\u97f3\u4e50\u5bb6\u6240\u5c5e\u793e\u533a\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7.7 Determinants of Technological Innovation: Current Research Trends and Future Prospects<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"> \u6280\u672f\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u56e0\u7d20\uff1a\u5f53\u524d\u7814\u7a76\u8d8b\u52bf\u4e0e\u672a\u6765\u5c55\u671b<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u6982\u8981<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a<\/strong>Vangelis Souitaris<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u5185\u5bb9\u7b80\u4ecb\uff1a<\/strong>\u5728\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005Vangelis Souitaris\u56de\u987e\u4e86\u7528\u4e8e\u8bc6\u522b\u6280\u672f\u9886\u57df\u521b\u65b0\u516c\u53f8\u72ec\u7279\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5373\u6280\u672f\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u591a\u6837\u6027\u548c\u975e\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u548c\u8861\u91cf\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u975e\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u8861\u91cf\uff0c\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u8054\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u662f\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u67e5\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u533a\u57df\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u8fd8\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6295\u8d44\u7ec4\u5408\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u8be5\u6a21\u578b\u7efc\u5408\u4e86\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u7279\u5b9a\u56fd\u5bb6\u6216\u884c\u4e1a\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u591a\u6837\u6027\u548c\u975e\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u5b9a\u4e49<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u591a\u6837\u6027\u6307\u7684\u662f\u521b\u65b0\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728<strong>\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9886\u57df\u3001\u884c\u4e1a\u548c\u73af\u5883<\/strong>\u4e2d\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u91c7\u53d6<strong>\u591a\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f<\/strong>\u3002\u521b\u65b0\u53ef\u4ee5\u6d89\u53ca\u4ea7\u54c1\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u3001\u6d41\u7a0b\u3001\u6280\u672f\u3001\u5546\u4e1a\u6a21\u5f0f\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6539\u8fdb\u6216\u521b\u9020\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u591a\u6837\u6027\u610f\u5473\u7740\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u548c\u5f62\u5f0f\u662f\u591a\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u6216\u6807\u51c6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u975e\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u5b9a\u4e49\u6307\u7684\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u51c6\u6216\u666e\u904d\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u3001\u5b66\u8005\u548c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u5176\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\u3001\u76ee\u7684\u548c\u80cc\u666f\u7ed9\u51fa<strong>\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u521b\u65b0\u5b9a\u4e49<\/strong>\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b9a\u4e49\u53ef\u80fd\u5f3a\u8c03\u6280\u672f\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u521b\u65b0\uff0c\u800c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u5173\u6ce8\u5546\u4e1a\u6a21\u5f0f\u6216\u793e\u4f1a\u521b\u65b0\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\u800c\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u4ee5\u9002\u5e94\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u73af\u5883\u548c\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u6280\u672f\u521b\u65b0\u901a\u8fc7\u54ea\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u8861\u91cf<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5185\u90e8\u548c\u5916\u90e8\u6c9f\u901a\u3001\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u3001\u8d22\u52a1\u72b6\u51b5\u3001\u89c4\u6a21\u3001\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u4eba\u5458\u7d20\u8d28\u3001\u7814\u53d1\u6295\u5165\u3001\u6280\u672f\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u5e02\u573a\u6761\u4ef6\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u548c\u5916\u90e8\u73af\u5883\u3001\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u6587\u5316\u3001\u7ba1\u7406\u5b9e\u8df5\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u914d\u7f6e\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u8fdb\u884c\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u5206\u6790<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u521b\u65b0\u7814\u7a76\u73b0\u72b6<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u591a\u6837\u6027\u548c\u590d\u6742\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a\u521b\u65b0\u7814\u7a76\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u590d\u6742\u4e14\u591a\u6837\u5316\u7684\u9886\u57df\u3002\u521b\u65b0\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9886\u57df\u3001\u884c\u4e1a\u548c\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u91c7\u53d6\u591a\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u521b\u65b0\u7814\u7a76\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u548c\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u4ee5\u5168\u9762\u7406\u89e3\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u56e0\u7d20\u548c\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u7406\u8bba<\/strong>\uff1a\u6587\u7ae0\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u7f3a\u4e4f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6846\u67b6\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u521b\u65b0\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u5730\u533a\u548c\u884c\u4e1a\u4e2d\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u548c\u5f71\u54cd\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u5168\u9762\u548c\u7efc\u5408\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u591a\u6837\u6027\u548c\u590d\u6742\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u5730\u533a\u548c\u884c\u4e1a\u5dee\u5f02\uff1a<\/strong>\u521b\u65b0\u7814\u7a76\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u5730\u533a\u548c\u884c\u4e1a\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u5730\u533a\u548c\u884c\u4e1a\u7684\u6587\u5316\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u653f\u7b56\u73af\u5883\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bf9\u521b\u65b0\u4ea7\u751f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u9700\u8981\u5173\u6ce8\u5730\u533a\u548c\u884c\u4e1a\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u4ee5\u6df1\u5165\u7406\u89e3\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u548c\u5f71\u54cd\u56e0\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u521b\u65b0\u7814\u7a76\u4e3b\u8981\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5b9a\u91cf\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5982\u95ee\u5377\u8c03\u67e5\u548c\u7edf\u8ba1\u5206\u6790\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u80fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u6355\u6349\u5230\u521b\u65b0\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u548c\u7ec6\u8282\u3002\u6587\u7ae0\u5efa\u8bae\u4f7f\u7528\u5b9a\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5982\u89c2\u5bdf\u548c\u6848\u4f8b\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u6765\u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e3\u521b\u65b0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u6295\u8d44\u7ec4\u5408\u6a21\u578b Portforio mode<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/api2.mubu.com\/v3\/document_image\/00d48146-ce52-47ed-ac2e-3bbcbab0a5d5-23587688.jpg\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6587\u7ae0\u63d0\u5230\u4f7f\u7528\u6295\u8d44\u7ec4\u5408\u6a21\u578b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u8d77\u70b9\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u56e0\u7d20\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5730\u533a\u548c\u884c\u4e1a\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u548c\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u6295\u8d44\u7ec4\u5408\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u8bc6\u522b\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u5177\u6709\u6700\u9ad8\u9884\u6d4b\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u56e0\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6295\u8d44\u7ec4\u5408\u6a21\u578b\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5c06\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u56e0\u7d20\u7ec4\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u4ee5\u8bc4\u4f30\u5176\u5bf9\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u6295\u8d44\u7ec4\u5408\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u591a\u4e2a\u51b3\u5b9a\u56e0\u7d20\u8003\u8651\u5728\u5185\uff0c\u5e76\u786e\u5b9a\u54ea\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u5bf9\u521b\u65b0\u5177\u6709\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u66f4\u5168\u9762\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u5b9e\u8df5\u63d0\u4f9b\u6307\u5bfc\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7.8 Innovation in Financial Services Infrastructure <\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u91d1\u878d\u670d\u52a1\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u521b\u65b0<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u6982\u8981<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a<\/strong>Paul Nightingale<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u5185\u5bb9\u7b80\u4ecb\uff1a<\/strong>\u672c\u6587\u662f\u5bf9\u91d1\u878d\u670d\u52a1\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u521b\u65b0\u7814\u7a76\u72b6\u51b5\u7684\u5168\u9762\u56de\u987e\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b83\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e16\u754c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5177\u6709\u660e\u663e\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u4e00\u822c\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u521b\u65b0\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u91d1\u878d\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u7684\u521b\u65b0\u5728\u5b66\u672f\u521b\u65b0\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u90fd\u662f\u88ab\u5ffd\u89c6\u7684\u8bdd\u9898\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u673a\u6784\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u6280\u672f\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u6269\u5927\u5e02\u573a\u8303\u56f4\u6765\u63d0\u9ad8\u5e02\u573a\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u8fd8\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u673a\u6784\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6280\u672f\u7528\u4e8e\u534f\u8c03\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u76c8\u5229\u914d\u7f6e\u3002\u91d1\u878d\u4e1a\u7684\u4e25\u683c\u76d1\u7ba1\u3001\u73b0\u4ee3\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u6280\u672f\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5bc6\u96c6\u5ea6\u3001\u5b83\u4eec\u62e5\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u4eec\u65e5\u76ca\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff0c\u90fd\u7ed9\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u548c\u5f00\u53d1\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u989d\u5916\u7684\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u3002\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u91d1\u878d\u670d\u52a1\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u9886\u57df\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u521b\u65b0\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 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class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5408\u4f5c\u4f19\u4f34\u5173\u7cfb<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6280\u672f\u5f15\u8fdb<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6807\u51c6\u5236\u5b9a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5916\u90e8\u6295\u8d44<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5f00\u653e\u521b\u65b0\u5e73\u53f0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7528\u6237\u9a71\u52a8\u521b\u65b0<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5185\u90e8\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u6280\u672f\u7684\u521b\u65b0\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6280\u672f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e<strong>\u534f\u8c03\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u6709\u5229\u914d\u7f6e<\/strong>\u3002\uff08\u5185\u4f18\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol 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class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4fe1\u606f\u5171\u4eab\u4e0e\u4ea4\u6d41<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5408\u4f5c\u4f19\u4f34\u5173\u7cfb<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5171\u540c\u7814\u53d1\u4e0e\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6807\u51c6\u5236\u5b9a\u4e0e\u4e92\u64cd\u4f5c\u6027<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5f00\u653e\u521b\u65b0\u5e73\u53f0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7528\u6237\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e0e\u53cd\u9988<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h4 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<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7.9 Innovation in Integrated Electronics and Related Technologies: Experiences with Industrial-Sponsored Large-Scale Multidisciplinary Programs and Single Investigator Programs in a Research University <\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u96c6\u6210\u7535\u5b50\u548c\u76f8\u5173\u6280\u672f\u7684\u521b\u65b0\uff1a\u7814\u7a76\u578b\u5927\u5b66\u4e2d\u5de5\u4e1a\u8d5e\u52a9\u7684\u5927\u578b\u591a\u5b66\u79d1\u8ba1\u5212\u548c\u5355\u4e00\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u6982\u8981<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a<\/strong>Ronald J. Gutmann<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u5185\u5bb9\u7b80\u4ecb\uff1a<\/strong>\u4f5c\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u8be5\u9886\u57df\u7684\u6570\u5341\u5e74\u53c2\u4e0e\uff0c\u6982\u8ff0\u4e86\u96c6\u6210\u7535\u5b50\u9886\u57df\u5927\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u533a\u5206\u4e86\u95f4\u8fdb\uff08\u6216\u6fc0\u8fdb\uff09\u548c\u8fde\u7eed\uff08\u6216\u589e\u91cf\uff09\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u521b\u65b0\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e861981\u5e74\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u534a\u5bfc\u4f53\u7814\u7a76\u516c\u53f8\uff08SRC\uff09\u30011988\u5e74\u53d1\u8d77\u7684SEMATECH\u548c1998\u5e74\u53d1\u8d77\u7684\u5fae\u7535\u5b50\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7814\u7a76\u516c\u53f8\uff08MARCO\uff09\u5bf9\u96c6\u6210\u7535\u5b50\u521b\u65b0\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u534a\u5bfc\u4f53\u96c6\u6210\u7535\u8def<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u534a\u5bfc\u4f53\u96c6\u6210\u7535\u8def\uff08Integrated 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https:\/\/edu.freezhao.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/\u56fd\u9645\u5b66\u672f\u6587\u732e\u7814\u8bfb\u53ef\u89c6\u5316_\u753b\u677f-1-1-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/edu.freezhao.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/\u56fd\u9645\u5b66\u672f\u6587\u732e\u7814\u8bfb\u53ef\u89c6\u5316_\u753b\u677f-1-1-1536x864.png 1536w, https:\/\/edu.freezhao.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/\u56fd\u9645\u5b66\u672f\u6587\u732e\u7814\u8bfb\u53ef\u89c6\u5316_\u753b\u677f-1-1-1870x1052.png 1870w, https:\/\/edu.freezhao.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/\u56fd\u9645\u5b66\u672f\u6587\u732e\u7814\u8bfb\u53ef\u89c6\u5316_\u753b\u677f-1-1-400x225.png 400w, https:\/\/edu.freezhao.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/\u56fd\u9645\u5b66\u672f\u6587\u732e\u7814\u8bfb\u53ef\u89c6\u5316_\u753b\u677f-1-1-800x450.png 800w, https:\/\/edu.freezhao.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/\u56fd\u9645\u5b66\u672f\u6587\u732e\u7814\u8bfb\u53ef\u89c6\u5316_\u753b\u677f-1-1-1320x743.png 1320w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 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class=\"wp-block-heading\">Comments<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u300a\u56fd\u9645\u5b66\u672f\u6587\u732e\u7814\u8bfb\u300b\u8bfe\u7a0b\u6b63\u72b9\u5982\u5176\u8bfe\u9898\u6240\u8a00\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u5916\u8bed\u9605\u8bfb\u3001\u5b66\u672f\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8bfe\u5802\u5185\u7684\u4ea4\u6d41\u4e0e\u5206\u4eab\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u662f\u672c\u7bc7\u5bfc\u8bfb\u4e0e\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u7684\u5448\u73b0\uff0c\u5728\u5145\u5b9e\u800c\u5145\u6ee1\u5b66\u4e60\u6c1b\u56f4\u7684\u56db\u5468\u91cc\uff0c\u4e8e\u6211\u4e2a\u4eba\u800c\u8a00\u53d7\u76ca\u532a\u6d45\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9996\u5148\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u82f1\u8bed\u9605\u8bfb\u548c\u4e13\u4e1a\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u77e5\u8bc6\u7ed9\u8fd9\u95e8\u8bfe\u7a0b\u6253\u4e0a\u4e86\u201c\u786c\u6838\u201d\u7684\u6807\u7b7e\uff0cFREEZhao\u8d34\u5fc3\u5730\u63a8\u8350\u4e86\u51e0\u6b3e\u8f85\u52a9\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u90e8\u5206\u56f0\u96be\uff08\u867d\u7136\u6211\u4e0d\u662f\u5de5\u5177\u63a7\uff09\u3002\u5176\u6b21\u65b9\u684c\u4f1a\u8c08\u7684\u7814\u8ba8\u4f1a\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u6388\u8bfe\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5982\u4f55\u53ca\u65f6\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u8868\u8fbe\u89c2\u70b9\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u8ba9\u522b\u4eba\u51c6\u786e\u7406\u89e3\u89c2\u70b9\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4eba\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e60\u60ef\u4e8e\u5185\u5411\u7684\u601d\u8003\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0e\u540c\u5b66\u8001\u5e08\u4ea4\u6d41\u8f83\u5c11\uff0c\u6216\u8bb8\u56e0\u6b64\u4f53\u9a8c\u611f\u6709\u6240\u6298\u6263\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u8bfe\u5802\u6c47\u62a5\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u9887\u6709\u4eea\u5f0f\u611f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u9650\u5236\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u548c\u6982\u62ec\u80fd\u529b\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e0d\u5c0f\u6311\u6218\uff08\u52c9\u5f3a\u8bb2\u5b8c\u4e86\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u60ca\u8bb6\u4e8e\u81ea\u5df1\u6ca1\u600e\u4e48\u8bb2\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u8001\u5e08\u8c8c\u4f3c\u90fd\u542c\u61c2\u4e86\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5219\u662f\u6839\u636e\u6211\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u9009\u62e9\u7684\uff087.5\u30017.6\uff09\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u63a5\u89e6\u4e86\u672a\u66fe\u63a5\u89e6\u8fc7\u7684\u9886\u57df\uff087.7-7.9\uff09\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u5b66\u672f\u8bba\u6587\u4e25\u8c28\u7684\u6587\u98ce\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u6587\u7ae0\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4e5f\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u6211\u5bf9\u4e8e\u81ea\u8eab\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u601d\u8003\u3002\u6700\u540e\u603b\u7ed3\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u95e8\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u98ce\u683c\u65e0\u8bba\u5728\u5b66\u9662\u6216\u662f\u5b66\u6821\u800c\u8a00\u90fd\u662f\u72ec\u6811\u4e00\u5e1c\uff08\u4e00\u76f4\u8bfb\u4e66\uff09\u7684\uff0c\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u7f8e\u4e2d\u4e0d\u8db3\u4e4b\u5904\u5728\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u8bfe\u540e\u7528\u6f2b\u957f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6765\u6d88\u5316\u8fd9\u4e9b\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u6216\u8bb8\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u9b45\u529b\u5c31\u5728\u4e8e\u6b64\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u539f\u6587<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Shavinina, L. V. (Ed.). (2003). <em>The International Handbook on Innovation<\/em> (1st edition). Pergamon.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><meta charset=\"utf-8\"><meta charset=\"utf-8\"><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>VII. Innovations in Different Domains \u4e0d\u540c\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u7684\u521b\u65b0 \u7b80\u4ecb \u300a\u624b\u518c\u300b\u7b2c [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":271,"featured_media":9948,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[464,44],"tags":[1081,1068,1069],"class_list":["post-9596","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-original-course","category-ials","tag-1081","tag-continuous","tag-incremental"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The International Handbook on Innovation 7\/14 - FREEZhao Education<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/edu.freezhao.com\/en\/original-course\/ials\/2023\/06\/the-international-handbook-on-innovation-7-14\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The International Handbook on Innovation 7\/14 - FREEZhao Education\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"VII. 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