{"id":9687,"date":"2023-06-30T17:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-06-30T09:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/edu.freezhao.com\/?p=9687"},"modified":"2023-07-10T11:48:54","modified_gmt":"2023-07-10T03:48:54","slug":"the-international-handbook-on-innovation-8-14","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/edu.freezhao.com\/en\/original-course\/ials\/2023\/06\/the-international-handbook-on-innovation-8-14\/","title":{"rendered":"The International Handbook on Innovation 8\/14"},"content":{"rendered":"<iframe id=\"spkj\" src=\"\/\/player.bilibili.com\/player.html?aid=785342561&#038;bvid=BV1314y1m7hE&#038;cid=1179385464&#038;page=1\" scrolling=\"no\" border=\"0\" frameborder=\"no\" framespacing=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" width=\"100%\"> <\/iframe>\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\">  \ndocument.getElementById(\"spkj\").style.height=document.getElementById(\"spkj\").scrollWidth*0.76+\"px\";\n<\/script>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Part VIII Basic Approaches to the Understanding of Innovation in Social Context \u5bfc\u8bfb<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u6587\u7ae0\u6982\u8ff0<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u521b\u65b0\u4ed6\u4e0d\u662f\u51ed\u7a7a\u4ea7\u751f\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u80fd\u591f\u8f7b\u6613\u8fbe\u6210\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u5728\u7406\u89e3\u793e\u4f1a\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u7684\u521b\u65b0\u57fa\u672c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u969c\u788d\u3001\u5de5\u4f5c\u5c0f\u7ec4\u3001\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ed3\u6784\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u540c\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u8fdb\u884c\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u8fa9\u8bc1\u770b\u5f85\u969c\u788d\uff0c\u7406\u89e3\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u540c\u3001\u7406\u89e3\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e2a\u4eba\u8eab\u4efd\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\/\u804c\u4e1a\u8eab\u4efd\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e0d\u65ad\u8f6c\u6362 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class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e00\u3001\u969c\u788d\u5bf9\u4e8e\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u5f71\u54cd<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u672c\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\u9996\u5148\u9610\u8ff0\u4e86\u969c\u788d\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u5e76\u6982\u62ec\u4e86\u969c\u788d\u5bf9\u4e8e\u521b\u65b0\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u63a5\u7740\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u9886\u57df\u7684\u4e13\u5bb6\u7406\u8bba\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u521b\u65b0\u969c\u788d\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u4fa7\u91cd\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6b64\u5916\u63d0\u51fa\u7279\u6b8a\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u7279\u6307\u7684\u662f\u5c0f\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0e\u5c0f\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u60c5\u51b5\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5bf9\u969c\u788d\u7684\u5b9e\u8d28\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u8bc4\u8ff0\uff0c\u4e3a\u514b\u670d\u969c\u788d\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u76f8\u5173\u5efa\u8bae\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u884c\u6587\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u7a76\u5176\u5185\u5916\u56e0\uff0c\u5c06\u969c\u788d\u5206\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5916\u90e8\u969c\u788d\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u00b7\u5e02\u573a\u5f71\u54cd<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00b7\u653f\u5e9c\u5f71\u54cd<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00b7\u5176\u4ed6\u5f71\u54cd<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5185\u90e8\u969c\u788d\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u00b7\u4eba\u4e3a\u56e0\u7d20<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00b7\u7ec4\u7ec7\u56e0\u7d20<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u00b7\u6218\u7565\u56e0\u7d20<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u969c\u788d\u5bf9\u4e8e\u521b\u65b0\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u90e8\u5206\u4e2d\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u60c5\u5883\u4e0b\u7684\u969c\u788d\u6a21\u5f0f\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5c06\u969c\u788d\u6a21\u5f0f\u6c1b\u56f4\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u521b\u65b0\u9886\u57df\u7684\u7c7b\u578b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u521b\u65b0\u8005\u7684\u7c7b\u578b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u89c4\u6a21<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u5f71\u54cd<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5546\u4e1a\u5468\u671f\u7684\u5b58\u5728<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5730\u7406\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5206\u7c7b\u65e8\u5728\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u770b\u5f85\u969c\u788d\u9700\u8981\u6709\u8fa9\u8bc1\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u969c\u788d\u53ef\u80fd\u5177\u6709\u52a8\u6001\u6027\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u662f\u5b64\u7acb\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5373\u6839\u636e\u521b\u65b0\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u60c5\u666f\u4e0b\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u800c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u7279\u5f81\u4e5f\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u8bc4\u4f30\u5176\u786e\u5207\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u96be\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u7279\u6b8a\u60c5\u51b5\u90e8\u5206\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u7279\u522b\u5217\u4e3e\u4e86\u5c0f\u516c\u53f8\u53ca\u5c0f\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u6b20\u53d1\u8fbe\u56fd\u5bb6\u8fdb\u884c\u4e3e\u4f8b\uff0c\u4e0e\u5927\u516c\u53f8\u53ca\u53d1\u8fbe\u56fd\u5bb6\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u5176\u9762\u5bf9\u7684\u56f0\u96be\u4e3b\u8981\u805a\u7126\u4e8e\u5236\u5ea6\u73af\u5883\u3001\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u5907\u6280\u672f\u4e0d\u8db3\u3001\u4eba\u5458\u8d44\u91d1\u6d41\u52a8\u56f0\u96be\u3001\u85aa\u8d44\u6c34\u5e73\u5de5\u4f5c\u4fdd\u969c\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u7b49\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u6700\u540e\u4e3a\u514b\u670d\u969c\u788d\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u867d\u7136\u6ca1\u6709\u5177\u4f53\u4e3e\u8bc1\uff0c\u4f46\u5021\u5bfc\u521b\u65b0\u8005\u5728\u521b\u65b0\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u9ad8\u8b66\u60d5\u6027\u4e0e\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\uff0c\u5728\u969c\u788d\u7684\u611f\u77e5\u5468\u671f\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5373\u8bc6\u522b\u969c\u788d-\u7cfb\u7edf\u7814\u7a76\u969c\u788d-\u63a7\u5236\u969c\u788d-\u4e3a\u969c\u788d\u5236\u5b9a\u884c\u52a8\u8ba1\u5212-\u514b\u670d\u969c\u788d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e8c\u3001\u77e5\u8bc6\u7ba1\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u548c\u5de5\u4f5c\u5c0f\u7ec4\u7684\u521b\u65b0<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f5c\u8005\u5728\u8fd9\u7247\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de5\u4f5c\u521b\u65b0\u6a21\u578b\uff1aI-P-O\u6a21\u578b\uff0cI-P-O\u6a21\u578b\u662finput-process-output-\uff08feedback\uff09\u7684\u7f29\u5199\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"744\" height=\"529\" src=\"https:\/\/edu.freezhao.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/3c209568e4edca6eac09a5477fbd5d7.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9942\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6765\u7528\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ec4\u5bf9\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4f46\u5e76\u975e\u5168\u7136\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4ee5\u5176\u4ed6\u4e13\u5bb6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8865\u5145\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5c06I-P-O\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u4ed6\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u6027\uff1a\u65f6\u95f4\u6027\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u66f4\u52a0\u7ec6\u5316\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a\u521b\u610f\u9636\u6bb5\u548c\u521b\u65b0\u5b9e\u8df5\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u6574\u5408\u4e86\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ec4\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5206\u7c7b\u548c\u521b\u65b0\u8fc7\u7a0b\u9636\u6bb5\u5206\u7c7b\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u91cd\u70b9\u5173\u6ce8\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u5e76\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u5bf9\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ec4\u5177\u4f53\u6295\u5165\u3001\u56e2\u961f\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3001\u6d8c\u73b0\u72b6\u6001\u548c\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002\u4f46I-P-O\u6a21\u578b\u540c\u65f6\u62e5\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u7f3a\u9677\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u672c\u6587\u66f4\u52a0\u91cd\u91cd\u7b14\u58a8\u6765\u63a2\u8ba8\u7684\u662fWest, Borrill &amp; Unsworth (1998)\u5bf9I-P-O\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u8865\u5145\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4e00\u66f4\u591a\u5143\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\u5f85\u5de5\u4f5c\u5c0f\u7ec4\u5bf9\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>West, Borrill &amp; Unsworth\u5bf9I-P-O\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u8865\u5145\u660e\u786e\u5212\u5206\u4e86\u521b\u65b0\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u5373\u521b\u9020\u9636\u6bb5\u548c\u521b\u65b0\u65f6\u95f4\u9636\u6bb5\u3002\u660e\u786e\u4e86\u56e2\u4f53\u4efb\u52a1\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u56e2\u4f53\u6210\u5458\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u6280\u80fd\u7684\u591a\u6837\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u521b\u65b0\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u6574\u5408\u4f5c\u7528\uff1b\u5e76\u6307\u51fa\u4e86\u5916\u90e8\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u5a01\u80c1\u5bf9\u521b\u9020\u548c\u5b9e\u65bd\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\u5f25\u8865\u4e86I-P-O\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f7f\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u90fd\u6709\u5404\u79cd\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u8be5\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u4e2d\u671f\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e09\u4e2a\u53ef\u80fd\u5f71\u54cd\u56e2\u961f\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u53d8\u91cf<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5c0f\u7ec4\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u5f02\u8d28\u6027\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u56e2\u961f\u6210\u5458\u62e5\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6280\u80fd\u548c\u4e13\u957f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u62e5\u6709\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u8d44\u6e90\u548c\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u56e2\u961f\u4efb\u671f\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u56e2\u961f\u521b\u65b0\u6709\u8d1f\u9762\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u968f\u7740\u56e2\u961f\u4efb\u671f\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u56e2\u961f\u6210\u5458\u4e0d\u592a\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u56e2\u961f\u5185\u90e8\u6216\u5916\u90e8\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u6210\u5458\u4ea4\u6d41<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u4f4612\u53c8\u76f8\u4e92\u5f71\u54cd\u56e2\u961f\u4efb\u671f\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0e\u56e2\u961f\u540c\u8d28\u6027\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u800c\u56e2\u961f\u540c\u8d28\u6027\u53c8\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u56e2\u961f\u521b\u65b0\u4ea7\u751f\u8d1f\u9762\u5f71\u54cd &nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5c0f\u7ec4\u6210\u5458\u7684\u4e2a\u6027\u6216\u5904\u7f6e\u6027\u7279\u5f81\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5c0f\u7ec4\u6784\u6210\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0e\u5c0f\u7ec4\u521b\u65b0\u6709\u5173\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u521b\u65b0\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u624d\u80fd\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u521b\u9020\u529b\u7684\u7206\u53d1\u6765\u6fc0\u53d1\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u53d7\u5230\u56e2\u961f\u6210\u5458\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e92\u52a8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u56e2\u4f53\u6210\u5458\u5bf9\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u53c2\u4e0e\u5e94\u8be5\u5bfc\u81f4\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u521b\u65b0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e09\u3001\u521b\u9020\u529b\u548c\u521b\u65b0\u4e0e\u7ade\u4e89\u529b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u63a2\u7a76\u521b\u9020\u529b\u3001\u521b\u65b0\u548c\u7ade\u4e89\u529b\u4e4b\u95f4\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u89e3\u91ca\u5e76\u660e\u786e\u8fd9\u4e09\u8005\u7684\u672c\u8d28\uff0c\u63a5\u7740\u63a2\u8ba8\u8fd9\u4e09\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u6982\u5ff5\u5206\u522b\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5c42\u9762\uff1a\u521b\u9020\u529b\uff08\u4e3b\u8981\u5728\u4e2a\u4eba\u5c42\u9762\u6216\u5fae\u89c2\u5c42\u9762\uff09\uff0c\u521b\u65b0\uff08\u4e3b\u8981\u5728\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6216\u4e2d\u89c2\u5c42\u9762\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7ade\u4e89\u529b\uff08\u4e3b\u8981\u5728\u56fd\u5bb6\u6216\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c42\u9762\uff09\u3002\u521b\u9020\u529b\u662f\u4fc3\u6210\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u4e0d\u5145\u5206\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u521b\u65b0\u5374\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u56fd\u5bb6\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7ade\u4e89\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u63a2\u8ba8\u8fd9\u4e09\u8005\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u601d\u8def\u662f\u5148\u6bd4\u8f83\u521b\u9020\u529b\u4e0e\u521b\u65b0\uff0c\u63a5\u7740\u6bd4\u8f83\u521b\u65b0\u4e0e\u7ade\u4e89\u529b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u521b\u65b0\u4f5c\u4e3a\u521b\u9020\u529b\u4e0e\u7ade\u4e89\u529b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5728\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u5c06\u521b\u9020\u529b\u548c\u521b\u65b0\u505a\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0b\u89e3\u91ca\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u521b\u9020\u529b\uff1a\u4ece\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u521b\u9020\u529b\u662f\u611f\u77e5\u7269\u4f53\u548c\u6982\u5ff5\u4e4b\u95f4\u65b0\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u521b\u65b0\uff1a\u5b83\u662f\u53d7\u5236\u7ea6\u653e\u5165\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u6216\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6240\u91c7\u7528\u7684 &#8220;\u60f3\u6cd5\u3001\u505a\u6cd5\u6216\u7269\u8d28\u827a\u672f\u54c1&#8221;\u5176\u4e2d\u8be5\u827a\u672f\u54c1 &#8220;\u88ab\u76f8\u5173\u91c7\u7528\u5355\u4f4d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u65b0\u7684&#8221;\u6bd4\u8d77\u521b\u9020\u529b\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u521b\u65b0\u5b83\u662f\u53d7\u5236\u7ea6\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6280\u672f\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u5f71\u54cd\u3001\u5851\u9020\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u4eba\u4eec\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u3001\u7ade\u4e89\u3001\u6210\u529f\u548c\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u7e41\u8363\u6216\u8870\u9000<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7ade\u4e89\u529b\uff1a\u4e00\u79cd\u56de\u987e\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u8fc7\u53bb\u521b\u9020\u6027\u5929\u624d\u548c\u521b\u65b0\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u6210\u5c31\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u4e3a\u65b0\u5174\u7684\u79c1\u8425\u548c\u516c\u5171\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u63d0\u4f9b\u57fa\u7840\u548c\u9aa8\u67b6\u800c\u5851\u9020\u4e86\u672a\u6765\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u800c\u4e92\u76f8\u4e24\u8005\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7531\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8868\u683c\u8fdb\u884c\u7814\u7a76\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u521b\u9020\u529b\u4e0e\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1248\" height=\"1095\" src=\"https:\/\/edu.freezhao.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/46e8f6253c50be942fd6f03643f3c4e.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9943\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u4eba\u3001\u6587\u5316\u548c\u6280\u672f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5236\u5ea6\u3001\u5e02\u573a\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u9644\u5c5e\uff0c\u7ea6\u675f\u3001\u50ac\u5316\u548c\u52a0\u901f\u521b\u9020\u529b\u548c\u521b\u65b0\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\u548c\u8868\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u521b\u9020\u529b\u548c\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1150\" height=\"554\" src=\"https:\/\/edu.freezhao.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/5599f3bed88557a5f766312600476b5.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9944\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u662f\u52a8\u6001\u7684\u3001\u590d\u6742\u7684\u548c\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\uff1a\u4eba\u7c7b\u8ba4\u77e5\u3001\u4e2a\u4eba\u521b\u9020\u529b\u3001\u7ec4\u7ec7\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u7ade\u4e89\u529b\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4ea4\u7ec7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u56db\u3001\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u5f20\u529b\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u4e0b\u7684\u6df7\u6c8c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u96c6\u4e2d\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u201c\u7ba1\u7406\u6df7\u6c8c\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u8ba8\u8bba\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u521b\u65b0\u5728\u7ef4\u62a4\u548c\u6539\u53d8\u8fd9\u6837\u52a8\u8361\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8eab\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u6d89\u53ca\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u6a21\u578b\u548c\u4e94\u4e2a\u8865\u5145\u6a21\u578b\u7528\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u662fstructure-chaos tension\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u8fd9\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\u6700\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8865\u5145\u6a21\u578b\u90fd\u56f4\u7ed5\u7740\u5b83\u6765\u5c55\u5f00\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1013\" height=\"731\" src=\"https:\/\/edu.freezhao.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/d67a0b4f5d72a71a47c8e0252d4e975.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9945\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5b83\u5c06\u4e24\u79cd\u7d27\u5f20\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u6392\u5217\u57282X2\u7684\u65b9\u683c\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u65b9\u683c\u4ee3\u8868\u4e00\u79cd\u80cc\u666f\uff0c\u56db\u79cd\u529b\u91cf\u80cc\u666f\u6c47\u96c6\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u6280\u80fd\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u6574\u5408\u601d\u8003\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u5171\u540c\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u60c5\u666f\u4e0b\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u8868\u8fbe\u8981\u505a\u5230\u6574\u5408\u8d44\u6e90\u4e0e\u6280\u80fd\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ba1\u7406\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u804c\u80fd\u90e8\u95e8\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u6709\u81ea\u4e3b\u6743\uff0c\u5e76\u5236\u5b9a\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u673a\u5236\u548c\u7ed3\u6784\u6765\u5904\u7406\u5b83\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f46\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\u662f\u5168\u7136\u4e0d\u591f\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u56db\u4e2a\u90fd\u5904\u4e8e\u7406\u60f3\u80cc\u666f\uff0c\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u548c\u52a8\u8361\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u4f1a\u4f7f\u5f97\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6574\u5408\u673a\u5236\u8fc7\u5ea6\u96c6\u4e2d\u548c\u5730\u65b9\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u7684\u4e27\u5931\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1structure-chaos tension\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u70b9\u8fc7\u4e8e\u7b80\u5355\u5316\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u521b\u65b0\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u65b9\u6cd5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u7528\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u4f5c\u8005\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Push-Pull Tension\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5982\u679c\u8bf4structure-chaos tension\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u505a\u4e8b\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\u65e8\u5728\u5f3a\u8c03\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u540c\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5373\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ba1\u7406\u5bf9\u4e8e\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u5b9a\u4f4d\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Organizational Identity Issue&nbsp;\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5728Push-Pull Tension \u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u52a0\u6df1\u5bf9\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8ba4\u540c\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u6210\u5458\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u96c6\u4f53\u662f\u8c01\u7684\u5171\u540c\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u5185\u90e8\u4eba\u5458\u5bf9\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Juxtaposing the Tensions<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Chaos, Structure, and Technology Push<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>the Reverse \u2018Z\u2019<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"867\" height=\"726\" src=\"https:\/\/edu.freezhao.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/613a29c4fcd529d5b393a6de611a50c.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-9946\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Z\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u5728\u4e8e\u4e3b\u52a8\u8981\u6c42\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u8bc4\u4f30\u7ec4\u7ec7\u521b\u65b0\u5bf9\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u76f8\u5e94\u53d8\u5316\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6210\u5458\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6210\u5458\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u540c\u53c8\u5bf9\u7ed3\u6784\u8d77\u7740\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ec4\u7ec7\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8ba4\u540c\u5c31\u662f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6210\u5458\u770b\u5f85\u81ea\u5df1\u548c\u5916\u90e8\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 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class=\"wp-image-9991\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6700\u540e\u901a\u8fc7\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u540c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\u662f\uff0c\u521b\u65b0\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u5728\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5\u65f6\u5e94\u8be5\u8003\u8651\u5230\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6210\u5458\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u5bf9\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u540c\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u867d\u7136\u4e0d\u80fd\u544a\u8bc9\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u51b3\u5177\u4f53\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u8eab\u4efd\u8ba4\u540c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u63d0\u51fa\u6240\u80fd\u505a\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u53ef\u80fd\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u6210\u5458\u4e0e\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4fdd\u6301\u654f\u611f\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u521b\u65b0\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u8fd0\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u624d\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><meta charset=\"utf-8\">\u4fe1\u606f\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u56fe Infographic<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full img-border\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https:\/\/edu.freezhao.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/\u521b\u65b0\u4fe1\u606f\u53ef\u89c6\u5316_\u753b\u677f-1-02-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10077\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Comments<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e2a\u6708\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6587\u732e\u9605\u8bfb\u5bf9\u521b\u65b0\u6709\u4e86\u975e\u5b9e\u8d28\u6027\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0a\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u6444\u5165\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6211\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u611f\u8c22\u8001\u5e08\u7684\u6559\u5b66\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u63a8\u8350\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u597d\u7528\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u7f51\u7ad9\uff0c\u62d3\u5bbd\u4e86\u6211\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u9762\uff1b\u5176\u6b21\u662f\u8bfe\u5802\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u9605\u8bfb-\u5206\u4eab-\u8ba8\u8bba\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u8f7b\u677e\u7684\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6211\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u8bfe\u5802\u4e0a\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u65f6\u6587\u732e\u9605\u8bfb\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u7684\u7535\u8111\u662f\u53f0\u5f0f\u6240\u4ee5\u53ea\u80fd\u7528Ipad\uff0c\u786c\u4ef6\u529f\u80fd\u4e0a\u9605\u8bfb\u8d77\u6765\u4e0d\u662f\u7279\u522b\u65b9\u4fbf\uff0c\u5728\u9605\u8bfb\u8fd9\u4e00\u73af\u8282\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u591f\u6c89\u6d78\u3002\u7136\u540e\u56e0\u4e3a\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u7535\u5b50\u5316\u9605\u8bfb\uff0c\u4ee5\u7535\u5b50\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8bb0\u5f55\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u5728\u63a5\u89e6\u5f88\u591a\u65b0\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4e0d\u591f\u719f\u7ec3\u3002\u5e0c\u671b\u7ebf\u4e0a\u4f1a\u8bae\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u80fd\u591f\u5f55\u5c4f\u7559\u6863\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5f88\u591a\u529f\u80fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u7535\u5b50\u6559\u5b66\u7684\u89c6\u9891\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u539f\u6587<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Shavinina, L. V. (Ed.). (2003). <em>The International Handbook on Innovation<\/em> (1st edition). Pergamon.<meta charset=\"utf-8\"><\/meta><meta charset=\"utf-8\"><\/meta><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Part VIII Basic Approaches to the Understanding of Inno [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":285,"featured_media":10078,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[464,44],"tags":[1081,902,904,901,907,910,873,905,908,909,903],"class_list":["post-9687","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-original-course","category-ials","tag-1081","tag-barrier","tag-group-work","tag-innovation","tag-social-identity","tag-structure","tag-873","tag-905","tag-908","tag-909","tag-903"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The International Handbook on Innovation 8\/14 - FREEZhao Education<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/edu.freezhao.com\/en\/original-course\/ials\/2023\/06\/the-international-handbook-on-innovation-8-14\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The International Handbook on Innovation 8\/14 - 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