{"id":9738,"date":"2023-06-30T13:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-06-30T05:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/edu.freezhao.com\/?p=9738"},"modified":"2023-07-10T11:48:58","modified_gmt":"2023-07-10T03:48:58","slug":"%e3%80%8athe-international-handbook-on-innovation%e3%80%8b4-14","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/edu.freezhao.com\/en\/original-course\/ials\/2023\/06\/%e3%80%8athe-international-handbook-on-innovation%e3%80%8b4-14\/","title":{"rendered":"The International Handbook on Innovation 4\/14"},"content":{"rendered":"<iframe id=\"spkj\" src=\"\/\/player.bilibili.com\/player.html?aid=315340804&#038;bvid=BV1zP411i7Ae&#038;cid=1178492149&#038;page=1\" scrolling=\"no\" border=\"0\" frameborder=\"no\" framespacing=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" width=\"100%\"> <\/iframe>\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\">  \ndocument.getElementById(\"spkj\").style.height=document.getElementById(\"spkj\").scrollWidth*0.76+\"px\";\n<\/script>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">PART III: Individual Differences In Innovative Ability<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u827a\u672f\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u662f\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u662f\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\uff0c\u827a\u672f\u662f\u611f\u6027\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5c06\u827a\u672f\u7528\u4f5c\u79d1\u5b66\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5404\u79cd\u827a\u672f\u89c1\u89e3\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5df2\u7ecf\u5148\u4e8e\u5e76\u4f7f\u968f\u540e\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u53d1\u73b0\u53ca\u5176\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u827a\u672f\u7684\u878d\u5408\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u6fc0\u53d1\u51fa\u6700\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u521b\u610f\u548c\u6d1e\u5bdf\u529b\u5462\uff1f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u4e92\u52a8\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u91cd\u65b0\u601d\u8003\u5982\u4f55\u770b\u5f85\u521b\u65b0\u3001\u5982\u4f55\u57f9\u517b\u80fd\u591f\u6865\u63a5\u4e0d\u540c\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u4eba\u624d\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u6253\u7834\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u754c\u9650\uff0c\u4e3a\u521b\u65b0\u94fa\u5e73\u9053\u8def\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:5px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Art of Innovation: Polymaths and Universality of the Creative Process<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1.\u521b\u9020\u6027\u601d\u7ef4\u7684\u666e\u904d\u6027\u3002<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u2460\u521b\u65b0\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u56db\u79cd\u6d41\u52a8\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a<\/strong><br>a.\u901a\u8fc7\u95ee\u9898\u751f\u6210\uff0c\u827a\u672f\u7ecf\u5e38\u53d1\u660e\u6216\u53d1\u73b0\u79d1\u5b66\u672a\u77e5\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u548c\u89c2\u5bdf\u7ed3\u679c\uff1b<br>b.\u827a\u672f\u4e3a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u63d0\u4f9b\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u975e\u4f20\u7edf\u7269\u7406\u548c\u5fc3\u7406\u5de5\u5177\u3001\u7c7b\u6bd4\u548c\u6a21\u578b\uff1b<br>c.\u827a\u672f\u901a\u5e38\u4e3a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u63d0\u4f9b\u4ea4\u6d41\u5176\u7ed3\u679c\u6240\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u2014\u2014\u8003\u8651\u4f7f\u7528\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u6587\u5b57\u3001\u56fe\u50cf\u548c\u5efa\u6a21\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u5c06\u60f3\u6cd5\u5177\u4f53\u5316\u4e3a\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u89e3\u91ca\u3002<br>d.\u827a\u672f\u4ee4\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5df2\u77e5\u9650\u5236\u6765\u6d4b\u8bd5\u53ef\u80fd\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u2461\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u827a\u672f\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u6839\u672c\u8054\u7cfb\u3002<\/strong><br>a.\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e0e\u827a\u672f\u5bb6\u53d1\u73b0\u3001\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u4ee5\u53ca\u751f\u6210\u3001\u6d4b\u8bd5\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u666e\u904d\u7684\uff1b<br>b.\u4efb\u4f55\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u521b\u65b0\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9002\u8005\u751f\u5b58\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u7eaf\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u6216\u53d1\u660e\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u5230\u5404\u79cd\u56e0\u7d20\uff08\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u6700\u9002\u5408\u5b9e\u9645\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u73af\u5883\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u65b9\u6848\uff1b<br>c.\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u6307\u4e0d\u540c\u5b66\u79d1\u6216\u9886\u57df\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u3001\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u4ea4\u6d41\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u6307\u7684\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u5de5\u7a0b\u548c\u827a\u672f\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bfc\u81f4\u65b0\u7684\u89c1\u89e3\u548c\u521b\u65b0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.\u535a\u5b66\u662f\u6210\u529f\u7684\u9884\u5146\u3002<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2460\u62e5\u6709\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u6280\u80fd\u7684\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u9886\u57df\u4e4b\u95f4\u5efa\u7acb\u8054\u7cfb\uff1b<br>\u2461\u591a\u624d\u591a\u827a\u7684\u4eba\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u53d6\u5f97\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u521b\u9020\u529b\u548c\u60f3\u8c61\u529b\u4e5f\u66f4\u52a0\u53d1\u8fbe\uff1b<br>\u2462\u4e1a\u4f59\u7231\u597d\u7684\u57f9\u517b\u3001\u4e0d\u540c\u5e74\u9f84\u6bb5\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u7b49\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fc3\u8fdb\u57f9\u517b\u521b\u65b0\u601d\u7ef4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5bf9\u827a\u672f\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2460\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e3a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u63d0\u4f9b\u65b0\u7684\u4e30\u5bcc\u89c6\u89d2\u542f\u53d1\uff1b\u8bd7\u6b4c\u4e3a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u63d0\u4f9b\u6587\u5b57\u5904\u7406\u56fe\u50cf\u4e0e\u611f\u53d7\u3001\u53e3\u5934\u60f3\u8c61\u529b\uff1b\u7ed8\u753b\u8bad\u7ec3\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u3001\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u5e2e\u52a9\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u8bb0\u5f55\u751f\u7269\u751f\u957f\u5f62\u6001\uff1b\u97f3\u4e50\u3001\u821e\u8e48\u5e2e\u52a9\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\u590d\u6742\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u73b0\u8c61\u548c\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4f7f\u79d1\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u66f4\u52a0\u6613\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u63a5\u53d7\u2026<br>\u2461\u827a\u672f\u5e38\u4e3a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u63d0\u4f9b\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ee5\u8865\u5145\u7eaf\u903b\u8f91\u548c\u5206\u6790\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.\u827a\u672f\u4fc3\u8fdb\u79d1\u5b66\u3002<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2460\u827a\u672f\u521b\u65b0\u5f80\u5f80\u5148\u4e8e\u5e76\u4f7f\u968f\u540e\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u521b\u65b0\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\uff1b<br>\u2461\u89c6\u89c9\u827a\u672f\u3001\u65b0\u9896\u7684\u827a\u672f\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u827a\u672f\u89c2\u5bdf\u3001\u827a\u672f\u6280\u5de7\u4ee5\u53ca\u65b0\u7f8e\u5b66\u53d1\u5c55\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u90fd\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.\u827a\u672f\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u521b\u65b0\uff1a\u535a\u5b66\u7684\u672a\u6765\u3002<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2460\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u827a\u672f\u7684\u521b\u65b0\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u5934\u8111\u4e2d\uff0c\u827a\u672f\u5bb6-\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6-\u827a\u672f\u5bb6\u7684\u57f9\u517b\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\uff1b<br>\u2461\u827a\u672f\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u57f9\u517b\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fc3\u8fdb\u5b66\u79d1\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\u800c\u975e\u5206\u88c2\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u57f9\u517b\u67b6\u8d77\u4e0d\u540c\u5b66\u79d1\u95f4\u7684\u4eba\u624d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6.\u603b\u7ed3\u3002<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2460\u827a\u672f\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u5bc6\u5207\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e92\u76f8\u4e3a\u5bf9\u65b9\u7684\u521b\u65b0\u63d0\u4f9b\u7075\u611f\u548c\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u601d\u8def\uff1b<br>\u2461\u827a\u672f\u5bb6\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5728\u521b\u9020\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u65b9\u5f0f\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e4b\u5904\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u76f4\u89c9\u3001\u60f3\u8c61\u529b\u548c\u521b\u9020\u529b\u7b49\uff1b<br>\u2462\u827a\u672f\u8bad\u7ec3\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u89c6\u89c9\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e9b\u79d1\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u5e2e\u52a9\uff1b<br>\u2463\u827a\u672f\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4ea4\u53c9\u5b66\u79d1\u7814\u7a76\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e26\u6765\u8bb8\u591a\u521b\u65b0\u548c\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6298\u53e0\u51e0\u4f55\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:15px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">PART IV: Development Of Innovation Across The Life Span<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A.Young Inventors<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u901a\u5e38\u63d0\u5230\u53d1\u660e\u5bb6\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u4f1a\u8054\u60f3\u5230\u50cf\u6258\u9a6c\u65af\u00b7\u7231\u8fea\u751f\u7b49\u7684\u5f62\u8c61\u2014\u2014\u901a\u8fc7\u53d1\u660e\u83b7\u5f97\u540d\u5229\u7684\u6210\u5e74\u4eba\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u513f\u7ae5\u4e0e\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u53d1\u660e\u5bb6\u3002\u672c\u7ae0\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\u662f&#8221;\u770b&#8221;\u5e74\u8f7b\u53d1\u660e\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u53d1\u660e\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u548c\u770b\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1.\u7231\u8377\u534e\u5dde\u53d1\u660e\u8ba1\u5212\u3002<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2460\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5dde\u7ea7\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u5e2e\u52a9\u7231\u8377\u534e\u5dde\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u5c06\u521b\u65b0\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u513f\u7ae5\u548c\u9752\u5e74\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff1b<br>\u2461\u8be5\u8ba1\u5212\u662f1987\u5e74\u5728\u5dde\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u5546\u4e1a\u548c\u6559\u80b2\u9886\u8896\u7684\u652f\u6301\u4e0b\u53d1\u8d77\u7684\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u5e94\u5bf9\u5feb\u901f\u6269\u5f20\u7684\u6280\u672f\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\u521b\u65b0\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u4e0b\u964d\uff1b<br>\u2462\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u5f53\u5730\u3001\u533a\u57df\u548c\u5dde\u7ea7\u522b\u4e0a\u4e3e\u529e\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u201c\u53d1\u660e\u5927\u4f1a\u201d\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6bcf\u5e74\u6625\u5b63\u9080\u8bf7300\u591a\u540d\u5b66\u751f\u53c2\u52a0\uff0c\u8bc4\u4f30\u3001\u8868\u5f70\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u53d1\u660e\uff1b<br>\u2463\u4e0d\u53d7\u6027\u522b\u3001\u79cd\u65cf\u3001\u9636\u7ea7\u3001\u5b66\u672f\u5730\u4f4d\u6216\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u5206\u7c7b\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u5b66\u751f\u83b7\u5f97\u6210\u5c31\u611f\u3001\u53d1\u5c55\u521b\u9020\u6027\u601d\u7ef4\u548c\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u521b\u65b0\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.<strong>\u8bc4\u4ef7\u89c4\u5219<\/strong>\uff1a<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2460\u53c2\u52a0&#8221;\u7231\u8377\u534e\u53d1\u660e&#8221;\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u5fc5\u987b\u63d0\u4ea4\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u53d1\u660e\u4ee5\u53ca\u8be5\u53d1\u660e\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u671f\u520a\uff1b<br>\u2461\u5b66\u751f\u5fc5\u987b\u80fd\u591f\u9610\u660e\u5b8c\u6210\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d1\u660e\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u548c\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1b<br>\u2462\u53d1\u660e\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e5f\u7531\u5b66\u6821\u4ee3\u8868\u548c\u5bb6\u957f\u5ba1\u6838\u7b7e\u5b57\uff0c\u786e\u8ba4\u662f\u5b66\u751f\u672c\u4eba\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u548c\u5de5\u4f5c\uff1b<br>\u2463\u5730\u65b9\u3001\u5730\u533a\u3001\u5dde\u6839\u636e\u7231\u8377\u534e\u5dde\u53d1\u660e\u8bc4\u4f30\u91cf\u89c4\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u5bf9\u53d1\u660e\u7684\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u3001\u6709\u7528\u6027\u3001\u65b0\u9896\u6027\u8fdb\u884c\u8bc4\u4ef7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.<strong>\u53d1\u660e\u7231\u8377\u534e\u5dde\u8c03\u67e5-2001<\/strong>\uff1a<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2460<strong>\u5e74\u8f7b\u53d1\u660e\u5bb6\u5173\u4e8e\u53d1\u660e\u521b\u9020\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u770b\u6cd5<\/strong>\uff1a<br>a.\u6210\u5e74\u53d1\u660e\u5bb6\u5bf9\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u975e\u5e38\u6d88\u6781\uff0c\u4e0e\u5e74\u8f7b\u53d1\u660e\u5bb6\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u597d\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u5b66\u751f\u3002\u4e5f\u8bb8\u5b66\u6821\u73af\u5883\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u53d8\u5316\u66f4\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u521b\u65b0\u3002<br>b.\u65e0\u8bba\u6027\u522b\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u5e74\u8f7b\u7684\u53d1\u660e\u5bb6\u4eec\u5bf9\u53d1\u660e\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u662f\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2461<strong>\u5e74\u8f7b\u53d1\u660e\u5bb6\u5bf9\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u6001\u5ea6<\/strong>\uff1a\u6210\u5e74\u53d1\u660e\u5bb6\u5bf9\u5b66\u6821\u6001\u5ea6\u6d88\u6781\uff0c\u5e74\u8f7b\u53d1\u660e\u5bb6\u5bf9\u5b66\u6821\u6001\u5ea6\u79ef\u6781\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2462<strong>\u5e74\u8f7b\u53d1\u660e\u5bb6\u5bf9\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e74\u8f7b\u53d1\u660e\u5bb6\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u6001\u5ea6<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e86\u89e3\u5e74\u8f7b\u7684\u53d1\u660e\u5bb6\u5982\u4f55\u770b\u5f85\u4ed6\u4eec\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\u6027\uff0c\u5373\u5e74\u8f7b\u7684\u53d1\u660e\u5bb6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8c01\u662f\u5b66\u6821\u91cc\u7684&#8221;\u9177&#8221;\u5b66\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2463<strong>\u8c03\u67e5\u603b\u7ed3<\/strong>\uff1a<br>a.\u8ba4\u4e3a&#8221;\u53d1\u660e\u5bb6&#8221;\u4e3a\u7537\u6027\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\uff0c\u7537\u6027\u548c\u5973\u6027\u521b\u9020\u529b\u76f8\u5f53\uff0c\u5bf9\u53c2\u52a0\u53d1\u660e\u7ade\u8d5b\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u4e5f\u76f8\u5f53\u5927\uff1b<br>b.\u7537\u6027\u53d1\u660e\u5bb6\u4e0e\u5973\u6027\u53d1\u660e\u5bb6\u5728\u5bf9\u5f85\u5b66\u6821\u548c\u53d1\u660e\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u4e0a\u76f8\u4f3c\uff1b<br>c.\u4e0e\u6210\u719f\u7684\u6210\u5e74\u53d1\u660e\u5bb6\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u5e74\u8f7b\u53d1\u660e\u5bb6\u5bf9\u5b66\u6821\u548c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u80fd\u529b\u6301\u79ef\u6781\u6001\u5ea6\uff1b<br>d.\u5e74\u8f7b\u53d1\u660e\u5bb6\u7684\u53d1\u660e\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e13\u5229\u5c40\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u4e2d\u5360\u4e86\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u6bd4\u91cd\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u53d1\u660e\u7c7b\u578b\u5206\u7c7b\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u6027\u522b\u5dee\u5f02\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6.\u603b\u7ed3\u3002<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u521b\u65b0\u6559\u80b2\u662f\u5341\u5206\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:5px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">B.Exceptional Creativity Across the Life Span: The Emergence and Manifestation of Creative Genius<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u521b\u65b0\u8005\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5462\uff1f\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u521b\u9020\u529b\u65f6\u5982\u4f55\u4f53\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u5462\uff1f\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4ece\u7ec8\u8eab\u6765\u5ba1\u89c6\u8fd9\u4e9b\u521b\u9020\u6027\u5929\u624d\uff0c\u63a2\u7d22\u5f71\u54cd\u521b\u65b0\u8005\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u804c\u4e1a\u8f68\u8ff9\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u8fd9\u4e9b\u521b\u65b0\u8005\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eec\u521b\u9020\u529b\u7684\u4f53\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1.\u521b\u610f\u5929\u624d\u3002<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6770\u51fa\u521b\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u4eba\u751f\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a<br>\u2460\u521b\u9020\u6f5c\u529b\u671f\uff0c\u5373\u4e2a\u4eba\u83b7\u5f97\u521b\u9020\u5fc5\u8981\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u65f6\u671f\uff1b<br>\u2461\u6f5c\u529b\u5b9e\u73b0\u671f\uff0c\u5373\u5c06\u521b\u9020\u6f5c\u529b\u4ee5\u521b\u9020\u6027\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u65f6\u671f\uff1b<br>\u2462\u8870\u843d\u671f\uff0c\u5373\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u56e0\u7d20(\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7b49)\u7ed3\u675f\u521b\u4f5c\u8005\u804c\u4e1a\u751f\u6daf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.\u521b\u9020\u6f5c\u80fd\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2460<strong>\u73af\u5883\u56e0\u7d20<\/strong>\uff1a<br>a.<strong>\u5bb6\u5ead\u80cc\u666f<\/strong><br>a.1.\u5bb6\u5ead\u73af\u5883\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u6210\u957f\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u5177\u6709\u957f\u671f\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f71\u54cd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5ef6\u7eed\u5230\u6210\u5e74\u671f\u548c\u6574\u4e2a\u4eba\u751f\uff1b<br>a.2.\u5bb6\u5ead\u548c\u6587\u5316\u73af\u5883\u5bf9\u4e8e\u521b\u9020\u6027\u6f5c\u529b\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u5f71\u54cd\uff1b<br>a.3.\u4e86\u89e3\u5bb6\u5ead\u80cc\u666f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4f53\u521b\u9020\u6027\u6f5c\u529b\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u521b\u9020\u6027\u6f5c\u529b\u53d1\u5c55\uff1b<br>a.4.\u5bb6\u5ead\u73af\u5883\u867d\u7136\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u521b\u9020\u6027\u6f5c\u529b\u53d1\u5c55\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u6709\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u4e0d\u5229\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e2a\u4f53\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u6770\u51fa\u7684\u521b\u9020\u6027\u6f5c\u529b\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0e\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u5929\u8d4b\u3001\u4e2a\u6027\u3001\u7ecf\u5386\u548c\u52aa\u529b\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u5c06\u521b\u9020\u6027\u6f5c\u529b\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5f52\u56e0\u4e8e\u5bb6\u5ead\u73af\u5883\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>b.<strong>\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u57f9\u8bad<\/strong><br>b.1.\u521b\u9020\u6027\u4e2a\u4f53\u65b0\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u5fc5\u987b\u4ea7\u751f\u4e8e\u5927\u91cf\u6210\u719f\u7684\u6280\u80fd\u548c\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u9886\u57df\u76f8\u5173\u77e5\u8bc6\uff1b<br>b.2.\u521b\u9020\u6027\u7684\u5929\u624d\u80fd\u591f\u4ee5\u67d0\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u6bd4\u5e38\u89c4\u66f4\u5feb\u5730\u83b7\u5f97\u6240\u9700\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u6280\u80fd\uff1b<br>b.3.\u521b\u9020\u6027\u5929\u624d\u4e13\u4e1a\u9886\u57df\u5185\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u6280\u80fd\u975e\u5e38\u6df1\u5165\u548c\u4e13\u4e1a\uff1b<br>b.4.\u8fc7\u5ea6\u8bad\u7ec3\u6216\u8fc7\u5ea6\u4e13\u4e1a\u5316\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u635f\u5bb3\u521b\u9020\u6027\u6f5c\u529b\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4fc3\u8fdb\u5176\u53d1\u5c55\uff1b<br>b.5.\u4e86\u89e3\u6b63\u5f0f\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u9886\u57df\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u521b\u9020\u6027\u6f5c\u529b\u53d1\u5c55\u3002(\u79d1\u5b66\u521b\u9020\u529b-\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5-\u83b7\u5f97\u4e13\u4e1a\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u6280\u80fd\uff1b\u827a\u672f\u521b\u9020\u529b-\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u5929\u8d4b\u548c\u4e2a\u6027\u3002)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2461<strong>\u9057\u4f20\u56e0\u7d20<\/strong>\uff1a<br>a.\u65e9\u671f\u4eba\u4eec\u666e\u904d\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u521b\u9020\u529b\u548c\u5929\u8d4b\u662f\u4e0e\u751f\u4ff1\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u540e\u5929\u7684\u57f9\u517b\u548c\u8bad\u7ec3\u83b7\u5f97\u3002<br>b.\u9057\u4f20\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u5f80\u5f80\u5728\u4e2a\u4f53\u53d1\u5c55\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u9010\u6e10\u663e\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.\u521b\u9020\u6f5c\u529b\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2460<strong>\u5185\u751f\u804c\u4e1a\u53d1\u5c55<\/strong><br>a.\u804c\u4e1a\u5e74\u9f84\u4e0e\u65e5\u5386\u5e74\u9f84<br>a.1.\u4f20\u7edf-\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u901a\u5e38\u5c06\u521b\u9020\u529b\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4e0e\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u5e74\u9f84\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u5373\u521b\u9020\u529b\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u968f\u7740\u4e2a\u4f53\u5e74\u9f84\u7684\u589e\u957f\u800c\u9010\u6e10\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u3002<br>a.2.\u8fd1\u5e74-\u521b\u9020\u529b\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4e0e\u4e2a\u4f53\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u9886\u57df\u5185\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ecf\u9a8c\u66f4\u4e3a\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u5373\u4e2a\u4f53\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u9886\u57df\u5185\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ecf\u9a8c\u8d8a\u4e30\u5bcc\uff0c\u8d8a\u53ef\u80fd\u4fc3\u8fdb\u521b\u9020\u529b\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<br>a.3.\u521b\u9020\u529b\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4e0e\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u5e74\u9f84\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u8fd8\u4e0e\u4e2a\u4f53\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u9886\u57df\u5185\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6709\u5173\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>b.<strong>\u521b\u610f\u6210\u5c31\u9886\u57df<\/strong><br>\u804c\u4e1a\u8f68\u8ff9\u4e2d\u7684\u9886\u57df\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5bf9\u521b\u4f5c\u8005\u804c\u4e1a\u5730\u6807\u7684\u7eb5\u5411\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5730\u6807\u8868\u793a\u4e09\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff1a\u521b\u4f5c\u8005\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u4f1f\u5927\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u5e74\u9f84\u3001\u521b\u4f5c\u8005\u5355\u4e00\u6700\u4f73\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u5e74\u9f84\u548c\u521b\u4f5c\u8005\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u90e8\u4f1f\u5927\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u5e74\u9f84\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\u7cbe\u786e\u5730\u6307\u51fa\u4e86\u6b63\u5728\u5236\u4f5c\u9ad8\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u804c\u4e1a\u751f\u6daf\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u3001\u6781\u81f4\u548c\u7ed3\u675f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>c.<strong>\u521b\u9020\u6027\u6f5c\u529b\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u5dee\u5f02<\/strong><br>\u4e2a\u4eba\u4eab\u6709\u7684\u521b\u9020\u6f5c\u529b\u6c34\u5e73\u8d8a\u9ad8\uff0c\u5728\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5355\u4f4d\u5185\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u5c31\u8d8a\u591a\u3002\u9ad8\u521b\u9020\u6f5c\u529b\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u6574\u4e2a\u804c\u4e1a\u751f\u6daf\u4e2d\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u4ea7\u51fa\u7387\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5fc5\u7136\u5305\u62ec\u9ad8\u4e8e\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u6700\u5927\u4ea7\u51fa\u7387\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u521b\u9020\u6f5c\u529b\u4f4e\u7684\u4eba\u4f1a\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u4f4e\u5e73\u5747\u4ea7\u51fa\u7387\u548c\u4f4e\u6700\u5927\u4ea7\u51fa\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>e.<strong>\u804c\u4e1a\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u548c\u5f00\u653e\u6027<\/strong><br>\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u521b\u9020\u6f5c\u529b\u90fd\u662f\u6709\u9650\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u672a\u6765\u521b\u4f5c\u8005\u4eba\u751f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u521b\u9020\u6f5c\u529b\u9010\u6e10\u79ef\u7d2f\uff0c\u5728\u521b\u4f5c\u8005\u804c\u4e1a\u751f\u6daf\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u521b\u9020\u6f5c\u529b\u4fbf\u4f1a\u6e90\u6e90\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u6fc0\u53d1\u3002\u800c\u6709\u4e9b\u521b\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u79ef\u7d2f\u8fc7\u591a\u7684\u521b\u9020\u6f5c\u529b\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4ed6\u7684\u521b\u4f5c\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u4e5f\u4f1a\u76f8\u5e94\u5f97\u8584\u5f31\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e09\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u521b\u9020\u6f5c\u529b\u7684\u6062\u590d\uff1a<br>*\u6742\u98df\u6027\u9605\u8bfb\uff1a\u5728\u5404\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u5e7f\u6cdb\u9605\u8bfb\uff0c\u52aa\u529b\u8ddf\u4e0a\u4e0e\u81ea\u5df1\u5b66\u79d1\u76f8\u90bb\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u8fdb\u5ea6\u3002<br>*\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eba\u4fdd\u6301\u8054\u7cfb\uff1a\u5b64\u72ec\u7684\u5929\u624d\u662f\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4e0e\u540c\u4e8b\u3001\u5408\u4f5c\u8005\u3001\u7ade\u4e89\u5bf9\u624b\u4fdd\u6301\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u591f\u5e2e\u52a9\u6fc0\u53d1\u5e76\u4fdd\u6301\u4ea7\u751f\u65b0\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002<br>*\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5de5\u4f5c\u63a8\u8fdb\uff1a\u4e0d\u540c\u9879\u76ee\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u4e92\u52a8\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4ece\u521b\u9020\u6f5c\u80fd\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u591a\u5173\u8054\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2461<strong>\u5916\u751f\u804c\u4e1a\u5f71\u54cd<\/strong><br>a.\u4e2a\u4eba(\u5185\u90e8)\uff1a\u6307\u7684\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0e\u4e2a\u4f53\u6709\u5173\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u73af\u5883\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5bb6\u5ead\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u804c\u4e1a\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\u3002<br>b.\u975e\u4e2a\u4eba(\u5916\u90e8)\uff1a\u4e0e\u4e2a\u4f53\u65e0\u5173\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u73af\u5883\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u6587\u5316\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2462<strong>\u521b\u9020\u6027\u751f\u6d3b\u548c\u4e8b\u4e1a\u7684\u7ec8\u7ed3<\/strong><br>\u521b\u9020\u529b\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u804c\u4e1a\u751f\u6daf\u7684\u7ec8\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class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.\u603b\u7ed3\u3002<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2460\u521b\u9020\u529b\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u590d\u6742\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u5b83\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u591a\u79cd\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u5929\u8d4b\u3001\u5bb6\u5ead\u80cc\u666f\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u804c\u4e1a\u57f9\u8bad\u7b49\u3002<br>\u2461\u521b\u9020\u529b\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u671f\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u7ecf\u5386\u591a\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u57f9\u517b\u3001\u6210\u957f\u3001\u6210\u719f\u548c\u8870\u9000\u7b49\u3002<br>\u2462\u521b\u9020\u529b\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u5f62\u5f0f\u591a\u79cd\u591a\u6837\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u827a\u672f\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u6280\u672f\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u3002<br>\u2463\u521b\u9020\u529b\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u8868\u73b0\u53d7\u5230\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u6587\u5316\u80cc\u666f\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u548c\u5730\u533a\u5bf9\u521b\u9020\u529b\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u548c\u8bc4\u4ef7\u6807\u51c6\u4e5f\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<br>\u2464\u521b\u9020\u529b\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u8868\u73b0\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a8\u6001\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u9002\u5e94\u548c\u5e94\u5bf9\u5916\u90e8\u73af\u5883\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:5px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C.Innovations by the Frail Elderly<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53d1\u73b0\u521b\u65b0\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u539f\u5219\u9700\u8981\u591a\u79cd\u7814\u7a76\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u672c\u7ae0\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u4f4f\u5728\u7597\u517b\u9662\u7684\u4f53\u5f31\u8001\u4eba\u7684\u4e2a\u6848\u7814\u7a76\u4ee5\u9884\u6d4b\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4f53\u5f31\u8001\u4eba\u5b58\u5728\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u73af\u5883\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u4f46\u5404\u79cd\u521b\u65b0\u88ab\u63cf\u8ff0\u548c\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u5916\u90e8\u538b\u529b\u6e90\u4e0e\u5185\u90e8\u7279\u5f81\u4e4b\u95f4\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:1px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>1.\u4ea7\u751f\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u590d\u6742\u7684\uff1b\u7406\u89e3\u521b\u65b0\u9700\u8981\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u9014\u5f84\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2.\u975e\u89c4\u8303\u4eba\u7fa4\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u6709\u5173\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u89c1\u89e3\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c1\u89e3\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u63a8\u5e7f\u5230\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u4eba\u7fa4\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3.\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5916\u5728\u7684\u3001\u4ee4\u4eba\u4e0d\u6109\u5feb\u7684\u3001\u4e0d\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u7684\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>4.\u521b\u65b0\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u201c\u6709\u521b\u9020\u529b\u7684\u4eba\u201d\uff0c\u5e73\u51e1\u7684\u4eba\u5728\u4e0d\u5e73\u51e1\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u624d\u4f1a\u521b\u65b0\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>5.\u632b\u6298\u548c\u75db\u82e6\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u6fc0\u53d1\u521b\u65b0\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>6.\u632b\u6298\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u521b\u65b0\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u5b83\u8db3\u591f\u70e6\u4eba\u4ee5\u8feb\u4f7f\u4eba\u4eec\u4ee5\u65b0\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u601d\u8003\u95ee\u9898\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>7.\u521b\u65b0\u884c\u4e3a\u5728\u5916\u90e8\u548c\u5185\u90e8\u90fd\u662f\u81ea\u6211\u5956\u52b1\u7684\uff1b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>8.\u6539\u53d8\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u521b\u65b0\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:15px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">PART V: Assessment Of Innovation<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u521b\u65b0\u6269\u6563\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u63cf\u8ff0\u65b0\u4e8b\u7269\u5728\u88ab\u4e2a\u4eba\u91c7\u7eb3\u6216\u62d2\u7edd\u65f6\u901a\u8fc7\u793e\u4f1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u521b\u65b0\u6027\u6307\u7684\u662f\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b0\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6210\u529f\u6216\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u5373\u521b\u65b0\u6027\u7684\u8861\u91cf\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7406\u8bba\u68c0\u9a8c\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5\u76ee\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:1px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Measurement of Innovativeness<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1.\u521b\u65b0\u6269\u6563<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6269\u6563\u7406\u8bba\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u65b0\u4e8b\u7269(\u5982\u65b0\u4ea7\u54c1)\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u793e\u4f1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f20\u64ad\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u8981\u7d20\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u521b\u65b0\u6027\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5373\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u5404\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\u2014\u2014\u521b\u65b0\u8005\u79ef\u6781\u63a5\u53d7\u3001\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u9010\u6e10\u91c7\u7528\u3001\u843d\u540e\u8005\u6162\u6162\u91c7\u7528\u6216\u8005\u4ece\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u521b\u65b0\uff1f<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e0d\u540c\u9886\u57df\u7684\u521b\u65b0\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u89e3\u91ca\u201c\u65b0\u201d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u521b\u65b0\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u65b0\u8fd1\u5ea6\uff0c\u6700\u8fd1\u9047\u5230\u6216\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u662f\u65b0\u7684\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u72ec\u521b\u6027\uff0c\u5f53\u4e8b\u7269\u4e0d\u719f\u6089\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5176\u5224\u65ad\u4e3a\u65b0\u4e8b\u7269\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u65b0\u9896\u6027\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u7269\u4e0e\u73b0\u6709\u540c\u7c7b\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u6216\u4e0d\u540c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5bf9\u65b0\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u8861\u91cf\u521b\u65b0\u6027\uff1f<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ece\u5546\u4e1a\u539f\u56e0\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u8861\u91cf\u521b\u65b0\u6027\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u65b0\u4ea7\u54c1\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8bc6\u522b\u4e0d\u540c\u91c7\u7528\u8005\u7c7b\u522b\u7684\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u5982\u201c\u65e9\u671f\u91c7\u7528\u8005\u201d\u3001\u201c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u201d\u548c\u201c\u6ede\u540e\u8005\u201d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u5236\u5b9a\u4fc3\u8fdb\u6216\u5ef6\u7f13\u521b\u65b0\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e89\u53d6\u521b\u65b0\u8005\u5408\u4f5c\u3001\u6539\u8fdb\u65b0\u4ea7\u54c1\u3001\u63d0\u9ad8\u65b0\u4ea7\u54c1\u4f20\u64ad\u901f\u5ea6\u3001\u63d0\u9ad8\u65b0\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u63a5\u53d7\u5ea6\u3001\u6293\u4f4f\u4ea7\u54c1\u91cd\u5ea6\u7528\u6237\u3001\u8bc6\u522b\u548c\u7406\u89e3\u9886\u5148\u7528\u6237\u3001\u6291\u5236\u4e0d\u826f\u521b\u65b0\u4f20\u64ad\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2460<strong>\u884c\u4e3a<\/strong>\uff1a\u5c06\u521b\u65b0\u6027\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0e\u91c7\u7528\u884c\u4e3a\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u521b\u65b0\u8005\u6216\u975e\u521b\u65b0\u8005\uff0c\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u5426\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u65b0\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u521b\u65b0\u6027\u7a0b\u5ea6\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u9047\u5230\u521b\u65b0\u540e\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u3002<br>\u2461<strong>\u5168\u5c40\u7279\u8d28<\/strong>\uff1a\u5c06\u521b\u65b0\u6027\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0e\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u7279\u8d28\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u521b\u65b0\u6027\u662f\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u8d28\u6216\u503e\u5411\uff0c\u4e0e\u5176\u91c7\u7528\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u65f6\u95f4\u65e0\u5173\u3002<br>\u2462<strong>\u7279\u5b9a\u9886\u57df\u6d3b\u52a8<\/strong>\uff1a\u5c06\u521b\u65b0\u6027\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0e\u7279\u5b9a\u9886\u57df\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u521b\u65b0\u6027\u662f\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u5c55\u793a\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u6d3b\u52a8\u6216\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e0e\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u7279\u8d28\u6216\u91c7\u7528\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u65f6\u95f4\u65e0\u5173\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.\u8861\u91cf\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2460<strong>\u884c\u4e3a<\/strong>\uff1a\u6839\u636e\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u8d2d\u4e70(\u6d88\u8d39)\u65b0\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u6216\u6839\u636e\u91c7\u7528\u65f6\u95f4(\u4ece\u65b0\u4ea7\u54c1\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u5e02\u573a\u4e0a\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u523b\u8d77)\uff0c\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u88ab\u5206\u7c7b\u4e3a\u521b\u65b0\u8005\u6216\u975e\u521b\u65b0\u8005\uff0c\u3002<br>\u2461<strong>\u5168\u5c40\u7279\u8d28<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u62a5\u544a\u6765\u8861\u91cf\u521b\u65b0\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1aJackson\u4eba\u683c\u91cf\u8868\u3001Kirton\u9002\u5e94\u521b\u65b0\u91cf\u8868\u3001NEO\u4eba\u683c\u95ee\u5377\u3001Hurt\u91cf\u8868\u3002<br>\u2462<strong>\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u521b\u65b0<\/strong>\uff1a\u524d\u671f\u91c7\u7528\u65f6\u95f4\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8bc6\u522b\u521b\u65b0\u8005\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u674e\u514b\u7279\u91cf\u8868(\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u521b\u65b0\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u62a5\u544a\u8861\u91cf\u6807\u51c6)\uff0c\u5c06\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u7684\u201c\u8ba4\u77e5\u201d(\u559c\u6b22\u4ece\u4e8b\u523a\u6fc0\u5fc3\u7075\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8)\u4e0e\u201c\u611f\u5b98\u201d(\u5bfb\u6c42\u611f\u5b98\u523a\u6fc0)\u521b\u65b0\u533a\u5206\u5f00\uff1b\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u72ec\u7acb\u5224\u65ad(\u4e2a\u4eba\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eba\u4ea4\u6d41\u7ecf\u9a8c\u505a\u51fa\u521b\u65b0\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6)\u548c\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u65b0\u5947\u5bfb\u6c42(\u5bfb\u6c42\u65b0\u4ea7\u54c1\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u613f\u671b)\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8861\u91cf\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u521b\u65b0\uff1b\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u201c\u4f7f\u7528\u521b\u65b0\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u63d0\u51fa\u4ee5\u65b0\u9896\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u524d\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\uff0c\u4ee5\u91cf\u8868\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u6316\u6398\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u4e94\u4e2a\u7ef4\u5ea6\uff1a\u521b\u9020\u529b\u3001\u98ce\u9669\u504f\u597d\u3001\u81ea\u613f\u7b80\u5355\u6027\u3001\u521b\u9020\u6027\u518d\u5229\u7528\u3001\u591a\u79cd\u9014\u5f84\u6f5c\u529b\u3002<br>\u2463<strong>\u7279\u5b9a\u9886\u57df\u7684\u521b\u65b0<\/strong>\uff1a\u5c06\u521b\u65b0\u6027\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0e\u7279\u5b9a\u9886\u57df\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u521b\u65b0\u6027\u662f\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u5c55\u793a\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u6d3b\u52a8\u6216\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e0e\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u7279\u8d28\u6216\u91c7\u7528\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u65f6\u95f4\u65e0\u5173\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6.\u603b\u7ed3\u3002<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u6d4b\u91cf\u521b\u65b0\u6027\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u3002\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>a.\u521b\u65b0\u6027\u7684\u6d4b\u91cf\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u65b0\u60f3\u6cd5\u548c\u4ea7\u54c1\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u91c7\u7eb3\u548c\u62d2\u7edd\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>b.\u521b\u65b0\u6027\u7684\u6d4b\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u9884\u6d4b\u548c\u89e3\u91ca\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u521b\u65b0\u6027\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u7406\u8bba\u89c6\u89d2\uff0c\u5e76\u9009\u62e9\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u6d4b\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u8bc4\u4f30\u521b\u65b0\u6027\u3002\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>a.\u6d4b\u91cf\u521b\u65b0\u6027\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u610f\u56fe\u548c\u5bf9\u521b\u65b0\u6027\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>b.\u591a\u4e2a\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u533a\u95f4\u6c34\u5e73\u6d4b\u91cf\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5c06\u521b\u65b0\u6027\u7eb3\u5165\u7ed3\u6784\u65b9\u7a0b\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u521b\u65b0\u6027\u7684\u6d4b\u91cf\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9884\u6d4b\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u6210\u529f\u6216\u5931\u8d25\u5177\u6709\u5b9e\u9645\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u5e76\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5bfc\u65b0\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u5e02\u573a\u8425\u9500\u7b56\u7565\u3002\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>a.\u521b\u65b0\u6027\u7684\u6d4b\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u72ec\u7acb\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u8c03\u8282\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u534f\u53d8\u91cf\u6216\u56e0\u53d8\u91cf\u7eb3\u5165\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>b.\u9ad8\u5ea6\u5185\u5bb9\u548c\u6784\u9020\u6548\u5ea6\u7684\u533a\u95f4\u6c34\u5e73\u6d4b\u91cf\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7406\u8bba\u5bfc\u5411\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>c.\u521b\u65b0\u6027\u7684\u6d4b\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u8bc4\u4f30\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u3001\u666e\u9002\u6027\u548c\u72ec\u7279\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:15px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><meta charset=\"utf-8\">\u4fe1\u606f\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u56fe Infographic<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full img-border\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" src=\"https:\/\/edu.freezhao.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/\u4fe1\u606f\u53ef\u89c6\u5316.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10120\" srcset=\"https:\/\/edu.freezhao.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/\u4fe1\u606f\u53ef\u89c6\u5316.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/edu.freezhao.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/\u4fe1\u606f\u53ef\u89c6\u5316-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/edu.freezhao.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/\u4fe1\u606f\u53ef\u89c6\u5316-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/edu.freezhao.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/\u4fe1\u606f\u53ef\u89c6\u5316-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/edu.freezhao.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/\u4fe1\u606f\u53ef\u89c6\u5316-1870x1052.jpg 1870w, https:\/\/edu.freezhao.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/\u4fe1\u606f\u53ef\u89c6\u5316-400x225.jpg 400w, https:\/\/edu.freezhao.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/\u4fe1\u606f\u53ef\u89c6\u5316-800x450.jpg 800w, https:\/\/edu.freezhao.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/\u4fe1\u606f\u53ef\u89c6\u5316-1320x743.jpg 1320w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:15px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Comments<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e00\u4e2a\u6708\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u5b66\u672f\u6587\u732e\u7814\u8bfb\u8bfe\u7a0b\uff0c\u8bf4\u957f\u4e5f\u957f\u8bf4\u77ed\u4e5f\u77ed\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f88\u4e45\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u79cd\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u4e13\u6ce8\u9605\u8bfb\u6587\u732e\u5566\u3002<br>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bfe\u7a0b\u901a\u8fc7\u534f\u540c\u5408\u4f5c\u3001\u5206\u4eab\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u9605\u8bfb\u4e86\u300aThe International Handbook on Innovation\u300b-\u56fd\u9645\u521b\u65b0\u624b\u518c\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u63a5\u89e6\u5230\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982Zotero\u3001Anki\u3001Voyant(FREEZhao\u7ecf\u5e38\u4f1a\u63a8\u8350\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u975e\u5e38\u597d!)\u3002<br>\u8bfe\u7a0b\u4e2d\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u662f\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u63a8\u8fdb\uff0c\u5b66\u4e60\u6c1b\u56f4\u6bd4\u8f83\u8f7b\u677e(\u5f53\u7136\u9605\u8bfb\u957f\u7bc7\u5916\u6587\u6587\u732e\u662f\u6709\u70b9\u6c89\u95f7\u7684)\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e1a\u7684\u96be\u5ea6\u3001\u4f53\u91cf\u4e5f\u6bd4\u8f83\u9002\u4e2d\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bfe\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u5426\u9002\u5408\u5b66\u672f\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u6700\u76f4\u89c2\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u540c\u5b66\u4eec\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u9002\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u6c89\u4e0b\u5fc3\u6765\u5543\u4e66\u3001\u8003\u7814\u3002<br>\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u6295\u5165\u3001\u7528\u5fc3\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u603b\u80fd\u6536\u83b7\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u60f3\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u52a0\u6cb9\u52a0\u6cb9\uff01<br>(\u4e0a\u8bfe\u671f\u95f4\u8bfe\u5ba4\u8fd8\u6709Wi-Fi\uff0c\u8d5e\u8d5e\u634f!)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:15px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u539f\u6587<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Shavinina, L. V. (Ed.). (2003). <em>The International Handbook on Innovation<\/em> (1st edition). Pergamon.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><meta charset=\"utf-8\"><meta charset=\"utf-8\"><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>PART III: Individual Differences In Innovative Ability  [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":168,"featured_media":10122,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[464,44],"tags":[1081,917,959,965,961,960,970,971,976,977,974,968,918],"class_list":["post-9738","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-original-course","category-ials","tag-1081","tag-artscience","tag-career-trajectories","tag-frail-elderly","tag-inventiveness","tag-life-span-development","tag-measurement-of-innovativeness","tag-971","tag-976","tag-977","tag-974","tag-968","tag-918"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The International Handbook on Innovation 4\/14 - 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